inux下Git和gitosis的安装与配置

1、增加git用户

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root@stu-system:/#useradd git root@stu-system:/#vim /etc/passwd git:x:501:501::/home/git:/bin/bash/git-shell root@stu-system:/sudo passwd git

2、安装git和gitosis

依次运行一下命令进行安装，其中gitosis是git的权限管理工具

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sudo apt-get install git sudo apt-get install openssh-server sudo apt-get install python2.6 sudo apt-get install python-setuptools apt-get install gitosis

3、git和gitosis配置

修改gitweb.conf

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vim /etc/gitweb.conf # path to git projects (<project>.git) $projectroot = "/home/git/repositories/";

依次运行以下命令，使用ssh-keygen生成密钥对SSH_KEY和SSH_KEY.pub，并初始化gitosis-admin.git库

1 2	ssh-keygen -t rsa sudo -H -u git gitosis-init <SSH_KEY.pub

为/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hook/post-update增加执行权限

1	chmod +x /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hook/post-update

4、创建git新库的脚本

写了个脚本create-repo.sh方便创建新库，并解决了最后提到的一些问题；在给脚本文件加上执行权限后，只要执行“/home/git/create-repo.sh repo-name.git”即可完成新库创建，其中repo-name替换为新库名称。

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root@stu-system:/home/git# cat create-repo.sh   #!/bin/bash   if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then      echo "Usage: $0 repo-name"      exit fi   cd /home/git/repositories/ mkdir $1.git cd $1.git git init git config --bool core.bare true   cd .. chown -R git * chgrp -R git *

5、使用gitosis进行git权限管理

使用git修改gitosis-admin.git库中的gitosis.conf文件，对应的用户公钥放在keydir文件夹中，公钥文件以“用户名.pub”命名，修改完后push回去就可以。提示：使用ssh key generator在Windows下生成的密钥放到gitosis-admin.git前需要在Linux用以下命令来将密钥转换为Linux下的格式。

1	ssh-keygen -if 公钥文件名>新公钥文件名

实际上push到git主库后，gitosis.conf文件会被更新到/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/gitosis.conf，这个才是真正生效的权限配置文件，如果通过git库改错了的话，可以在服务器上直接修改这个文件来解决。

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#vim  /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/gitosis.conf [gitosis] gitweb=yes   [group admin] members = maple root@stu-system   [group tech] members = @admin   [group gitosis-admin] writable = gitosis-admin members = @admin   [group test] writable = test members = @tech   [group test-readonly] readonly = test members = maple2

6、各种问题

（1）出现’gitosis-admin’ does not appear to be a git repository，短路径无效时替换为全路径

在服务器上使用短路径会取现下面这个问题，原因是没有找到对应匹配的密钥所致，如果正确使用了ssh密钥则不会出现这个问题，这里就不去折腾了

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root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# git clone git@127.0.0.1:gitosis-admin.git Cloning into gitosis-admin... git@127.0.0.1's password: fatal: 'gitosis-admin' does not appear to be a git repository fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

使用以下命令解决，只不过每次push和pull的时候都需要输入一遍git用户的密码，略为繁琐

1	git clone git@127.0.0.1:/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git

（2）出现Unable to create temporary file: Permission denied
在Windows上使用TortoiseGit执行Push时出现以下错误

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git.exe push --force --progress  "origin" master:master   Counting objects: 189, done. Compressing objects: 100% (187/187) Writing objects:   7% (14/189) fatal: Unable to create temporary file: Permission denied fatal: sha1 file '<stdout>' write error: Invalid argument error: failed to push some refs to 'git@10.73.4.46:channelv.git'   git did not exit cleanly (exit code 1)

原来是服务器上是用root账户建立的库目录，导致git账户无权写入，方法就是修改文件夹的所属用户和所属用户组

1 2	root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# chown -R git * root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# chgrp -R git *

（3）出现failed to push some refs to ‘git@10.73.4.46:channelv.git’

在Windows上使用TortoiseGit执行Push时出现以下错误

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git.exe push --progress  "origin" master:master   Counting objects: 189, done. Compressing objects: 100% (158/158) Writing objects: 100% (189/189), 1016.00 KiB | 997 KiB/s Writing objects: 100% (189/189), 1.12 MiB | 997 KiB/s, done. remote: error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'. To git@10.73.4.46:channelv.git ! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out) error: failed to push some refs to 'git@10.73.4.46:channelv.git'   git did not exit cleanly (exit code 1)

在服务器对应的库目录下执行以下命令增加配置即可

1	git config --bool core.bare true