一、相关概念
对于Drawable、Bitmap、Canvas和Paint它们之间的概念不是很清楚,其实它们除了Drawable外早在Sun的J2ME中就已经出现了,但是在Android平台中,Bitmap、Canvas相关的都有所变化。
首先让我们理解下Android平台中的显示类是View,但是还提供了底层图形类android.graphics,今天所说的这些均为graphics底层图形接口。
Bitmap - 称作位图,一般位图的文件格式后缀为bmp,当然编码器也有很多如RGB565、RGB888。作为一种逐像素的显示对象执行效率高,但是缺点也很明显存储效率低。我们理解为一种存储对象比较好。
Drawable - 作为Android平下通用的图形对象,它可以装载常用格式的图像,比如GIF、PNG、JPG,当然也支持BMP,当然还提供一些高级的可视化对象,比如渐变、图形等。
Canvas - 名为画布,我们可以看作是一种处理过程,使用各种方法来管理Bitmap、GL或者Path路径,同时它可以配合Matrix矩阵类给图像做旋转、缩放等操作,同时Canvas类还提供了裁剪、选取等操作。
Paint - 我们可以把它看做一个画图工具,比如画笔、画刷。他管理了每个画图工具的字体、颜色、样式。
如果涉及一些Android游戏开发、显示特效可以通过这些底层图形类来高效实现自己的应用。
二、Bitmap
1、从资源中获取Bitmap
- Resources res = getResources();
- Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, R.drawable.icon);
2、Bitmap → byte[]
- public byte[] Bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bm) {
- ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, baos);
- return baos.toByteArray();
- }
3、byte[] → Bitmap
- public Bitmap Bytes2Bimap(byte[] b) {
- if (b.length != 0) {
- return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(b, 0, b.length);
- } else {
- return null;
- }
- }
4、Bitmap缩放
- public static Bitmap zoomBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, int width, int height) {
- int w = bitmap.getWidth();
- int h = bitmap.getHeight();
- Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
- float scaleWidth = ((float) width / w);
- float scaleHeight = ((float) height / h);
- matrix.postScale(scaleWidth, scaleHeight);
- Bitmap newbmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, w, h, matrix, true);
- return newbmp;
- }
5、将Drawable转化为Bitmap
- public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable) {
- // 取 drawable 的长宽
- int w = drawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
- int h = drawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
- // 取 drawable 的颜色格式
- Bitmap.Config config = drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
- : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565;
- // 建立对应 bitmap
- Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, config);
- // 建立对应 bitmap 的画布
- Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
- drawable.setBounds(0, 0, w, h);
- // 把 drawable 内容画到画布中
- drawable.draw(canvas);
- return bitmap;
- }
6、获得圆角图片
- public static Bitmap getRoundedCornerBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, float roundPx) {
- int w = bitmap.getWidth();
- int h = bitmap.getHeight();
- Bitmap output = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, Config.ARGB_8888);
- Canvas canvas = new Canvas(output);
- final int color = 0xff424242;
- final Paint paint = new Paint();
- final Rect rect = new Rect(0, 0, w, h);
- final RectF rectF = new RectF(rect);
- paint.setAntiAlias(true);
- canvas.drawARGB(0, 0, 0, 0);
- paint.setColor(color);
- canvas.drawRoundRect(rectF, roundPx, roundPx, paint);
- paint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(Mode.SRC_IN));
- canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, rect, rect, paint);
- return output;
- }
7、获得带倒影的图片
- public static Bitmap createReflectionImageWithOrigin(Bitmap bitmap) {
- final int reflectionGap = 4;
- int w = bitmap.getWidth();
- int h = bitmap.getHeight();
- Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
- matrix.preScale(1, -1);
- Bitmap reflectionImage = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, h / 2, w,
- h / 2, matrix, false);
- Bitmap bitmapWithReflection = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, (h + h / 2),
- Config.ARGB_8888);
- Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmapWithReflection);
- canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, null);
- Paint deafalutPaint = new Paint();
- canvas.drawRect(0, h, w, h + reflectionGap, deafalutPaint);
- canvas.drawBitmap(reflectionImage, 0, h + reflectionGap, null);
- Paint paint = new Paint();
- LinearGradient shader = new LinearGradient(0, bitmap.getHeight(), 0,
- bitmapWithReflection.getHeight() + reflectionGap, 0x70ffffff,
- 0x00ffffff, TileMode.CLAMP);
- paint.setShader(shader);
- // Set the Transfer mode to be porter duff and destination in
- paint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(Mode.DST_IN));
- // Draw a rectangle using the paint with our linear gradient
- canvas.drawRect(0, h, w, bitmapWithReflection.getHeight()
- + reflectionGap, paint);
- return bitmapWithReflection;
- }
三、Drawable
1、Bitmap转换成Drawable
- Bitmap bm=xxx; //xxx根据你的情况获取
- BitmapDrawable bd= new BitmapDrawable(getResource(), bm);
- 因为BtimapDrawable是Drawable的子类,最终直接使用bd对象即可。
2、Drawable缩放
- public static Drawable zoomDrawable(Drawable drawable, int w, int h) {
- int width = drawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
- int height = drawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
- // drawable转换成bitmap
- Bitmap oldbmp = drawableToBitmap(drawable);
- // 创建操作图片用的Matrix对象
- Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
- // 计算缩放比例
- float sx = ((float) w / width);
- float sy = ((float) h / height);
- // 设置缩放比例
- matrix.postScale(sx, sy);
- // 建立新的bitmap,其内容是对原bitmap的缩放后的图
- Bitmap newbmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(oldbmp, 0, 0, width, height,
- matrix, true);
- return new BitmapDrawable(newbmp);
- }