Java程序经常也会遇到进程挂掉的情况,一些状态没有正确的保存下来,这时候就需要在JVM关掉的时候执行一些清理现场的代码。JAVA中的ShutdownHook提供了比较好的方案。
JDK提供了Java.Runtime.addShutdownHook(Thread hook)方法,可以注册一个JVM关闭的钩子,这个钩子可以在一下几种场景中被调用:
- 程序正常退出
- 使用System.exit()
- 终端使用Ctrl+C触发的中断
- 系统关闭
- OutOfMemory宕机
- 使用Kill pid命令干掉进程(注:在使用kill -9 pid时,是不会被调用的)
public void addShutdownHook(Thread hook)
参数:
hook - An initialized but unstarted Thread object
抛出:
IllegalArgumentException - If the specified hook has already been registered, or if it can be determined that the hook is already running or has already been run
IllegalStateException - If the virtual machine is already in the process of shutting down
SecurityException - If a security manager is present and it denies RuntimePermission("shutdownHooks")
从以下版本开始:
1.3
另请参见:
removeShutdownHook(java.lang.Thread), halt(int), exit(int)
首先来测试第一种,程序正常退出的情况:
- package com.hook;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class HookTest
- {
- public void start()
- {
- Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- System.out.println("Execute Hook.....");
- }
- }));
- }
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- new HookTest().start();
- System.out.println("The Application is doing something");
- try
- {
- TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(5000);
- }
- catch (InterruptedException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- The Application is doing something
- Execute Hook.....
下面再来测试第五种情况(顺序有点乱,表在意这些细节):
- package com.hook;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class HookTest2
- {
- public void start()
- {
- Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- System.out.println("Execute Hook.....");
- }
- }));
- }
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- new HookTest().start();
- System.out.println("The Application is doing something");
- byte[] b = new byte[500*1024*1024];
- try
- {
- TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(5000);
- }
- catch (InterruptedException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
运行结果:
- The Application is doing something
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
- at com.hook.HookTest2.main(HookTest2.java:22)
- Execute Hook.....
接下来再来测试第三种情况:
- package com.hook;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class HookTest3
- {
- public void start()
- {
- Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- System.out.println("Execute Hook.....");
- }
- }));
- }
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- new HookTest3().start();
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- while(true)
- {
- System.out.println("thread is running....");
- try
- {
- TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
- }
- catch (InterruptedException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- });
- thread.start();
- }
- }
在命令行中运行:java com.hook.HookTest3 (之后按下Ctrl+C)
运行结果:
可以看到效果如预期。
还有几种情况就不一一列出了,有兴趣的读者可以试一下。