十、串口通信笔记

目录

参考链接

当前完整原理图框图

电路分析:

代码

main.c

main.h

bd_usart1_debug.c

bd_usart1_debug.h

得到验证，不用担心溢出的问题

​编辑

---

参考链接

基于STM32的串口收发讲解（标准库） - STM32团队 ST意法半导体中文论坛 (stmicroelectronics.cn)https://shequ.stmicroelectronics.cn/thread-637987-1-1.html【经验分享】STM32 HAL库之串口详细篇（基于HAL库） - STM32团队 ST意法半导体中文论坛 (stmicroelectronics.cn)https://shequ.stmicroelectronics.cn/thread-633088-1-1.html19. USART—串口通讯 — [野火]STM32 HAL库开发实战指南——基于F103系列开发板 文档 (embedfire.com)https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103/hal_general/zh/latest/doc/chapter20/chapter20.html

当前完整原理图框图

下图参照野火霸道开发构建。

电路分析:

1.Type-c的CC1和CC2分别都接了5.1K的下拉电阻，是为了兼容一些具备快充功能的适配器，告诉它输出5V，最大电流3A。

2.L1磁珠是为了抗干扰，过EMC用的，自己diy来说没看出有什么用。

3.CH340C相比CH340G来说内部集成了时钟，不用再外接晶振；如果RX和TX直接和MCU相连的话，手册中建议使用和MCU一样的供电，所以这里接的是和stm32一样的3.3V电源。

4.ISP一键下载电路我没想到有什么用处，用来下载程序的话，SW比这个方便多了，霸道教程也是一带而过，到时候用到的时候再来深入了解吧。需要注意的地方，霸道开发板原理图中，D47很有必要，它给C154提供了放电通道，有利于系统的稳定。

代码

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */


/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
	
  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	RGB_Init();
	KEY_EXTI_Init();
	DEBUG_USART1_Init(115200);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
	
		uint16_t x,y,z;
		uint32_t a,b,c;

		x=1;
		y=0xffff;
		z=x-y;
		printf("u16 x=%d,y=%d;\n" ,x,y);
		printf("x-y=%d\n",z);
		
		a=1;
		b=0xffffffff;
		c=a-b;
		printf("u32 a=%d,b=%d;\n" ,a,b);
		printf("a-b=%d\n",c);
	

	
  while (1)
  {

    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		
		if(getchar()=='1') RGB_SetColour(RED);
		else if(getchar()=='2') RGB_SetColour(GREEN);
		else if(getchar()=='3') RGB_SetColour(BLUE);
		else if(getchar()=='4') RGB_SetColour(YELLOW);
		else if(getchar()=='5') RGB_SetColour(PURPLE);
		else if(getchar()=='6') RGB_SetColour(CYAN);
		else if(getchar()=='7') RGB_SetColour(WHITE);
		
		
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

main.h

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.h
  * @brief          : Header for main.c file.
  *                   This file contains the common defines of the application.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __MAIN_H
#define __MAIN_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "./key/bd_key.h"
#include "./rgb/bd_rgb.h"
#include "./debug/bd_usart1_debug.h"

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Exported types ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN ET */

/* USER CODE END ET */

/* Exported constants --------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EC */

/* USER CODE END EC */

/* Exported macro ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EM */

/* USER CODE END EM */

/* Exported functions prototypes ---------------------------------------------*/
void Error_Handler(void);

/* USER CODE BEGIN EFP */

/* USER CODE END EFP */

/* Private defines -----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */

/* USER CODE END Private defines */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __MAIN_H */

bd_usart1_debug.c

#include "./debug/bd_usart1_debug.h"


UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;



void DEBUG_USART1_Init(uint32_t Baud)
{
	char ch;
	
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = Baud;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
 /*使能串口接收断 */
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1);	
}



void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{
//	uint8_t ch;

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 */
    /* USART1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    /* USART1 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 15, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 */
		
  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}


//重定向c库函数printf到串口DEBUG_USART，重定向后可使用printf函数
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
	/* 发送一个字节数据到串口DEBUG_USART */
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 1000);	
	
	return (ch);
}

uint8_t R_CH=0;
//重定向c库函数scanf到串口DEBUG_USART，重写向后可使用scanf、getchar等函数
int fgetc(FILE *f)
{		
	static uint8_t r_ch=0xff;
	if(r_ch != R_CH)	return (R_CH);
	return(0);
}


void  USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG( &huart1, UART_FLAG_RXNE ) != RESET)
	{		
    R_CH=( uint16_t)READ_REG(huart1.Instance->DR);
    WRITE_REG(huart1.Instance->DR,R_CH); 
	}
}

bd_usart1_debug.h

#ifndef __USART1_DEBUG_H__
#define __USART1_DEBUG_H__

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include <stdio.h>


extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;


/* DEBUG 操作函数 *****************************************************/
void DEBUG_USART1_Init(uint32_t Baud);
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f);
int fgetc(FILE *f);
	
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __USART_H__ */

得到验证，不用担心溢出的问题