iOS NSFetchedResultsController的使用（使用数据库时提高效率）

例1：

用好NSFetchedResultsController，程序的performance能大 大提高。原因在于你用NSFetchedResultsController去读取数据的话，苹果公司那些顶尖的工程师已经帮你想好了如何最大效率地读取 数据库。 所以，干脆利落地去掉NSArray和NSMutableArray，只用NSFetchedResultsController! 1,首先在h文件加入下面这段代码。

@interfaceFailedBanksListViewController:UITableViewController{
	NSFetchedResultsController*_fetchedResultsController;
	NSManagedObjectContext*_context;
}
@property(nonatomic, retain)
NSFetchedResultsController*fetchedResultsController;
@property(nonatomic, retain)NSManagedObjectContext*context;
@end

2,在m文件中，加入下面的代码

@synthesize fetchedResultsController = _fetchedResultsController;

3，在dealloc函数中，加入下面的代码:

self.fetchedResultsController.delegate=nil;
self.fetchedResultsController =nil;

4，在viewDidUnload函数中，加入下面的代码:

-(void)viewDidUnload {
	self.fetchedResultsController =nil;
}

5，在m文件中，加入如下函数（以FailedBackInfo为数据对象）

-(NSFetchedResultsController*)fetchedResultsController {
	if(_fetchedResultsController !=nil){
		return _fetchedResultsController;
	
	NSFetchRequest*fetchRequest =[[NSFetchRequest alloc] init];
	NSEntityDescription*entity =[NSEntityDescription
        entityForName:@"FailedBankInfo" inManagedObjectContext:_context];
	[fetchRequest setEntity:entity];
	NSSortDescriptor*sort =[[NSSortDescriptor alloc]
        initWithKey:@"details.closeDate" ascending:NO];
	[fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObject:sort]];
	[fetchRequest setFetchBatchSize:20];
	NSFetchedResultsController*theFetchedResultsController =
	[[NSFetchedResultsController alloc] initWithFetchRequest:fetchRequest managedObjectContext:_context sectionNameKeyPath:nil cacheName:@"Root"];
	self.fetchedResultsController = theFetchedResultsController;
    	_fetchedResultsController.delegate=self;
	[sort release];
	[fetchRequest release];
	[theFetchedResultsController release];
	return _fetchedResultsController;
}

上面的代码中，entity为实体对象，_context是coredata的NSManagedObject对象，它是连接数据库的一个上下文对象，相当于一个连接器。sort用来排序。cacheName用来组织数据成sections（这样组织方便后面展示） 6，在viewDidLoad中加入下面代码：

-(void)viewDidLoad {
	[super viewDidLoad];
	NSError*error;
	if(![[self fetchedResultsController] performFetch:&error]){
		// Update to handle the error appropriately.
		NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error,[error userInfo]);
		exit(-1);// Fail
	}
	self.title =@"Failed Banks";
}

7，接下来，在UITableView中显示。

-(NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView*)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
	id  sectionInfo = [[_fetchedResultsController sections] objectAtIndex:section];
	return[sectionInfo numberOfObjects];
}
-(void)configureCell:(UITableViewCell*)cell atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath*)indexPath {
	FailedBankInfo*info =[_fetchedResultsController objectAtIndexPath:indexPath];
	cell.textLabel.text = info.name;
	cell.detailTextLabel.text =[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@, %@", info.city, info.state];
}
-(UITableViewCell*)tableView:(UITableView*)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath*)indexPath {
	staticNSString*CellIdentifier=@"Cell";
	UITableViewCell*cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
	if(cell ==nil){
        	cell =[[[UITableViewCell alloc]
            initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle
            reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease];
	}
	// Set up the cell...
	[self configureCell:cell atIndexPath:indexPath];
	return cell;
}

8,当数据发生变化时，coredata会自动通知显示层即UITableView作刷新。

-(void)controllerWillChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController*)controller {
	// The fetch controller is about to start sending change notifications, so prepare the table view for updates.
	[self.tableView beginUpdates];
}

-(void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController*)controller didChangeObject:(id)anObject atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath*)indexPath forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type newIndexPath:(NSIndexPath*)newIndexPath {
	UITableView*tableView =self.tableView;
	switch(type){
	case NSFetchedResultsChangeInsert:
		[tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:newIndexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
		break;
	case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete:
		[tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
		break;
	case NSFetchedResultsChangeUpdate:
		[self configureCell:[tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath] atIndexPath:indexPath];
		break;
	case NSFetchedResultsChangeMove:
		[tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
		// Reloading the section inserts a new row and ensures that titles are updated appropriately.
		[tableView reloadSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:newIndexPath.section] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
		break;
	}
}

-(void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController*)controller didChangeSection:(id )sectionInfo atIndex:(NSUInteger)sectionIndex forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type {
	switch(type){
	case NSFetchedResultsChangeInsert:
		[self.tableView insertSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:sectionIndex] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
		break;
	case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete:
		[self.tableView deleteSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:sectionIndex] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
		break;
	}
}

-(void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController*)controller {
	// The fetch controller has sent all current change notifications, so tell the table view to process all updates.
	[self.tableView endUpdates];
}

例2：

在CoreData为UITableView提供数据的时候，使用NSFetchedReslutsController能提高体验，因为用NSFetchedReslutsController去读数据的话，能最大效率的读取数据库，也方便数据变化后更新界面，

具体使用方法如下：

1.添加属性

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSFetchedResultsController *fetchedResultsController;

@synthesize fetchedResultsController = _fetchedResultsController;

2. 重载- (NSFetchedResultsController *)fetchedResultsController初始化NSFetchedResultsController

- (NSFetchedResultsController *)fetchedResultsController {
    if (_fetchedResultsController != nil) {
        return _fetchedResultsController;
    }
    self.fetchedResultsController = [[CoreDataManager getInstance] contactFetchedResultsController];
    self.fetchedResultsController.delegate = self;
    return _fetchedResultsController;
}

其中

- (NSFetchedResultsController *)contactFetchedResultsController {
    BSHLOG(@"contactFetchedResultsController");
    NSFetchRequest *request = [[[NSFetchRequest alloc] init] autorelease];
    
    NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:kCoreDataEntityContacts
                                              inManagedObjectContext:self.managedObjectContext];
    [request setEntity:entity];


    NSSortDescriptor *recordsort = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"name"
                                                                 ascending:NO];
    [request setSortDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:recordsort, nil]];
    
    NSFetchedResultsController *controller = [[NSFetchedResultsController alloc] initWithFetchRequest:request
                                                                                 managedObjectContext:self.managedObjectContext sectionNameKeyPath:nil
                                                                                            cacheName:nil];


    return [controller autorelease];
}

注意：初始化NSFetchedResultsController 的时候，NSFetchRequest必须设置NSSortDescriptor

3. 在viewDidLoad中为NSFetchedResultsController获取值

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
    self.titleNavigationItem.title = NSLocalizedString(@"contacts_title", nil);
    [self fetchContacts];
}

- (void)fetchContacts {

NSError *error;
if (![self.fetchedResultsController performFetch:&error]) {
// Update to handle the error appropriately.
BSHLOG(@"[fetchSinaFriend] Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);
//exit(-1);  // Fail
}
}

4.在viewDidUnload和dealloc中释放

- (void)viewDidUnload
{
    [super viewDidUnload];
    // Release any retained subviews of the main view.
    // e.g. self.myOutlet = nil;
    [self releaseUI];
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [self releaseUI];
    [super dealloc];
}

- (void)releaseUI {
    self.tableView = nil;
    self.titleNavigationItem = nil;
    self.fetchedResultsController.delegate = nil;
    self.fetchedResultsController = nil;
}

5.显示在UITableView中

#pragma mark - UITableViewDataSource
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    id<NSFetchedResultsSectionInfo> sectionInfo = [[self.fetchedResultsController sections] objectAtIndex:section];
    int count = [sectionInfo numberOfObjects];
    BSHLOG(@"numberOfRowsInSection count = %d", count);
    return count;
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    NSString *reuseIdentifier = @"ContactsViewController";
    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:reuseIdentifier];
    if (cell == nil) {
        cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault
                                      reuseIdentifier:reuseIdentifier];
    }
    EntityContacts *contact = [self.fetchedResultsController objectAtIndexPath:indexPath];
    cell.textLabel.text = contact.name;
    return cell;
}

6.添加NSFetchedResultsControllerDelegate的方法，当数据发生变化时，自动刷新UITableView

- (void)controllerWillChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller {
[_tableView beginUpdates];
}


- (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller 
   didChangeObject:(id)anObject atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath 
forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type 
 newIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)newIndexPath {

switch(type) {
case NSFetchedResultsChangeInsert:{
            [_tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:newIndexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
}
break;

case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete:
[_tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationBottom];
break;

case NSFetchedResultsChangeUpdate:
[_tableView reloadRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
break;

case NSFetchedResultsChangeMove:
[_tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationBottom];
            [_tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:newIndexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationTop];
break;
}
}

- (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller 
  didChangeSection:(id <NSFetchedResultsSectionInfo>)sectionInfo 
  atIndex:(NSUInteger)sectionIndex 
forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type {

switch(type) {

case NSFetchedResultsChangeInsert:
[_tableView insertSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:sectionIndex] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationTop];
break;

case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete:
[_tableView deleteSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:sectionIndex] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationBottom];
break;
}
}

- (void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller {

[_tableView endUpdates];

}