1.线程范围范围内共享数据示意图
接下用一段代码说明
package com.qunar.thread;
import java.util.Random;
public class ThreadScopeShareDate {
private static int data;
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
data = new Random().nextInt();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "has put data" + data);
new A().get();
new B().get();
}
}).start();
}
}
static class A{
public void get(){
System.out.println("A from"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"has put data"+data);
}
}
static class B{
public void get(){
System.out.println("B from"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"has put data"+data);
}
}
}
运行结果:
Thread-0has put data-1136830734
Thread-1has put data304602802
A fromThread-1has put data304602802
A fromThread-0has put data304602802
B fromThread-1has put data304602802
B fromThread-0has put data304602802
可以发现,结果是不符合要求的,我们想要的数据是 线程0放入了1136830734,那么第一个线程在调用A,B两个模块的时候都应该取得1136830734,而结果是全部取得线程2放入的数据。
2.举例说明 线程范围了共享数据的列子
在数据库中,现在又两组人要进行转账,A->B c->D,每个转账动作都应该是一个事务,当A在给B转账的同事c在给D转账,如果此时用的是同一个Connection
对象,那么就会出现这样一种情况,在A给B转账还没有完成的时,C给D转账已经完成了,此时C将事务提交了,也把A转B给提交了,此时就出现大问题了。
3.使用ThreadLocal 实现线程范围内的共享数据
package com.qunar.thread;
import java.util.Random;
public class ThreadLocalTest {
private static ThreadLocal<Integer> tl = new ThreadLocal<Integer>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
int data = new Random().nextInt();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ " has put data " + data);
tl.set(data);//存放到当前线程中
new A().get();
new B().get();
}
}).start();
}
}
static class A{
public void get(){
int data = tl.get();
System.out.println("A from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has get data"+data);
}
}
static class B{
public void get(){
int data = tl.get();
System.out.println("B from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has get data"+data);
}
}
}
每个线程调用全局的ThreadLocal对象的set方法就相当于往其内部的map中增加一条数据,key分别是各自的线程,value是各自的set方法传递进去的值。在线程结束的时候可以调用ThreadLocal.clear()方法,这样会更快释放内存,不调用也可以,因为线程结束后也可以自动释放相关的ThreadLocal变量
一个ThreadLocal代表一个变量,故只能存放一个数据,如果此时有很多歌变量需要线程范围内共享,就可以对ThreadLocal进行封装一下,比如有name,password ,address,要进行传递,那么就可以定义一个User类。
下面演示一个比较优雅的方法来进行线程范围内的数据共享
package com.qunar.thread;
import java.util.Random;
public class ThreadLocalTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
int data = new Random().nextInt();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ " has put data " + data);
MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setNameString("name"+data);
MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data);
new A().get();
new B().get();
}
}).start();
}
}
static class A {
public void get() {
MyThreadScopeData myData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance();
System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ " has get MyData " +myData.getNameString()+","+myData.getAge() );
}
}
static class B {
public void get() {
MyThreadScopeData myData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance();
System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ " has get MyData" +myData.getNameString()+","+myData.getAge());
}
}
}
class MyThreadScopeData {
private String nameString;
private int age;
private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> mapLocal = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData>();
private MyThreadScopeData() {
}
public static MyThreadScopeData getThreadInstance() {
MyThreadScopeData instance = mapLocal.get();
if (instance == null) {
instance = new MyThreadScopeData();
mapLocal.set(instance);
}
return instance;
}
public String getNameString() {
return nameString;
}
public void setNameString(String nameString) {
this.nameString = nameString;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
将ThreadLocal封装在类中,让每个线程只能取得自己线程范围内的MyThreadScopeData 是不是有点和单列模式相似