[2014-11-21]Java笔记_Java网络编程、TCP、UDP

一、简介

· 端口：IP 地址用来标识网络上的计算机，而端口号用来指明该计算机上的应用程序。

· URL（Uniform Resource Locator）：统一资源定位符。它表示 Internet 上某一资源的地址。

package com.bob.network;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class UrlTest1 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
		URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();	//获得URLConnection对象
		
		InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();		//从URLConnection转向I/O
		FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("C:/test.txt"));
		
//		InputStream is = url.openStream();	//这行代码等价于上面两行代码
		
		byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
		
		int length;
		while(-1 != (length = is.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length))){
			fos.write(buffer, 0, length);
		}
		
		is.close();
		fos.close();
		
	}
}

二、TCP/IP 的套接字（Socket）

   ·什么是Socket：Socket是连接运行在网络上的两个程序间的双向通讯的端点。

总结： 1） 建立Socket 连接； 2）获得输入/输出流； 3）读/写数据；4）关闭输入/输出流；5）关闭Socket。

package com.bob.network;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception  {
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(7777);
		Socket socket = ss.accept();	//等待客户端连接成功后继续往下执行

		InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
		
		byte[] buffer = new byte[200];
		int length = is.read(buffer);
		System.out.println(new String(buffer, 0, length));
		
		OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
		os.write("welcome".getBytes());
		
		is.close();
		os.close();
		socket.close();
	}
}

package com.bob.network;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 7777);
		
		OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
		os.write("hello".getBytes());


		InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
		byte[] buffer = new byte[200];
		int length = is.read(buffer);
		System.out.println(new String(buffer, 0, length));
		
		is.close();
		os.close();
		socket.close();
	}
}

三、UDP（使用无线连接的数据报）

   ·什么是Datagram：数据报是网上传输的独立数据包，数据报是否能正确地到达目的地，到达的时间，顺序，内容的正确性均没有保障。

package com.bob.network;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

class UdpTest2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(7000);	//监听端口7000等待接收数据包
		
		byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
		socket.receive(packet);
		System.out.println(new String(buffer, 0, packet.getLength()));

		String str = "thanks";
		//获得接收到之后的数据包的地址、端口
		DatagramPacket packet2 = new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(),
				str.length(), packet.getAddress(), packet.getPort());
		socket.send(packet2);
		
		socket.close();

	}
}

package com.bob.network;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UdpTest1 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();	//创建socket用于发送接收数据报
		
		String str = "hello world";
		DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(),
				str.length(), InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), 7000);
		socket.send(packet);
		
		byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		DatagramPacket packet2 = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
		socket.receive(packet2);
		
		System.out.println(new String(buffer, 0, packet2.getLength()));
		
		socket.close();
	}
}