iphone开发之线程的使用详解

 有些时候我们需要进行处理大量数据或其他非常耗时的操作，为了不影响程序对用户的响应，我们必须将这些事情放在一个新线程里进行。这样可以与主线程（UI线程）分开，当任务完成后，在返回主线程处理。android平台下我们可以通过handler和message来实现上述功能。那么ios平台下是如何做的呢？接下我们通过一个下载网络图片的小例子进行学习。

新建一个项目命名为ThreadApp。向ViewController.xib拖入一个UIImageView控件和UIActivityIndicatorView控件如图：

打开ViewController.h文件添加如下代码：

@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIImageView *imageView;
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIActivityIndicatorView *indicator;
- (void)loadingPicture:(id)sender;
- (void)loadingpictureDone:(NSData *)data;

我们定义了两个输出口，一个是用来显示下载的图片一个是用来更新进度条（小菊花）的。

另外我们定义了两个函数- (void)loadingPicture:(id)sender用来下载图片，另外一个- (void)loadingpictureDone:(NSData *)data当下载完成后显示图片并关闭小菊花。
修改ViewController.m文件如下：

#import "ViewController.h"

@implementation ViewController
@synthesize imageView;
@synthesize indicator;
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Release any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use.
}

- (void)loadingPicture:(id)sender
{
    NSString *url = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://img.xiami.com/images/collect_pic/64/71/3235848/1334149254_NmHG.jpg"];
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]];
    [url release];
    NSLog(@"Thread is running...");
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(loadingpictureDone:) withObject:data waitUntilDone:YES];
}

- (void)loadingpictureDone:(NSData *)data
{
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    if (image) {
        self.imageView.image = image;
        [self.indicator stopAnimating];
        self.indicator.hidden = YES; 
        NSLog(@"loading picture done.");
    }
    [image release];
    
}
#pragma mark - View lifecycle

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
	// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    self.title = @"Loading Picture";
    [self.indicator startAnimating];
    [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(loadingPicture:) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
    
}

- (void)viewDidUnload
{
    [super viewDidUnload];
    // Release any retained subviews of the main view.
    // e.g. self.myOutlet = nil;
    self.indicator = nil;
    self.imageView = nil;
    
}

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [super viewWillAppear:animated];
}

- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [super viewDidAppear:animated];
}

- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated
{
	[super viewWillDisappear:animated];
}

- (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated
{
	[super viewDidDisappear:animated];
}

- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation
{
    // Return YES for supported orientations
    return (interfaceOrientation != UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown);
}

- (void)dealloc{
    [self.indicator release];
    [self.imageView release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

在viewDidLoad函数中我们启动一个新线程并开启小菊花动画

[self.indicator startAnimating];  //启动进度条动画
[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(loadingPicture:) toTarget:self withObject:nil];  //开启一个新线程下载图片

ios下启动一个新线程方法：

[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(loadingPicture:) toTarget:self withObject:nil];

方法loadingPicture为我们要在新线程中做的事，在loadingPicture中

[self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(loadingpictureDone:) withObject:data waitUntilDone:YES];

上述代码实现了当下载完成后我们要做的事，我们又回到主线程处理相关数据。我们使用loadingPictureDone方法来处理下载完成后的事情。

这里我们更新图片，并隐藏小菊花

UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    if (image) {
        self.imageView.image = image;
        [self.indicator stopAnimating];
        self.indicator.hidden = YES; 
        NSLog(@"loading picture done.");
    }
    [image release];

效果图：

                  

这里我只是下载一个图片作为演示。

总结：在ios下启动一个线程过程大致如下：当我们将要处理比较耗时的任务时，我们在合适的地方使用 [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector() toTarget:target withObject:obh]方法来开启一个新线程来处理任务，在任务完成时，调用[self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector() withObject:obj waitUntilDone:YES]方法来更新UI或执行其他操作！

好了就写这么多，有什么问题请留言，大家一起学习交流！
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