入门-常用写法
Kotlin官网:Getting Started-Idioms
DTO(可以理解成JavaBean)
具有以下特性的自定义类
* get/set方法
* equals()
* hashCode()
* toString()
* copy()
* componentN() 在Other-Destructuring Declarations中讲解
基本上和JavaBean要求一样
方法参数默认值
fun foo(a: Int = 0, b: String = "") { ... }
过滤列表
val positives = list.filter { x -> x > 0 }
上面的例子也可以简写为:
val positives = list.filter { it > 0 }
字符串插值
println("Name $name")
判断实例的类型
when (x) {
is Foo -> ...
is Bar -> ...
else -> ...
}
遍历集合键值对
for ((k, v) in map) {
println("$k -> $v")
}
k,v只是变量名,可以随意定义
区间
for (i in 1..100) { ... } // [1,100]
for (i in 1 until 100) { ... } // [0,100)
for (x in 2..10 step 2) { ... } // 步进2
for (x in 10 downTo 1) { ... } //倒叙
if (x in 1..10) { ... } //作为if条件
只读List
val list = listOf("a", "b", "c")
只读Map
val map = mapOf("a" to 1, "b" to 2, "c" to 3)
访问Map
println(map["key"])
map["key"] = value
延迟初始化(Lazy)
val p: String by lazy {
// compute the string
}
拓展方法
fun String.spaceToCamelCase() { ... }
"Convert this to camelcase".spaceToCamelCase()
创建单例
object Resource {
val name = "Name"
}
null相关
val files = File("Test").listFiles()
//if(!=null)
println(files?.size)
//if(!=null)else
println(files?.size ?: "empty")
val values = ...
//if(==null)执行语句
val email = values["email"] ?: throw IllegalStateException("Email is missing!") //冒号后面在value为null时执行
//if(!=null)执行语句
value?.let {
... // value不为null时执行
}
//if(!=null)转换
val mapped = value?.let { transformValue(it) } ?: defaultValueIfValueIsNull
返回when表达式的值
fun transform(color: String): Int {
return when (color) {
"Red" -> 0
"Green" -> 1
"Blue" -> 2
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
}
}
try-catch表达式
fun test() {
val result = try {
count()
} catch (e: ArithmeticException) {
throw IllegalStateException(e)
}
// Working with result
}
if表达式
fun foo(param: Int) {
val result = if (param == 1) {
"one"
} else if (param == 2) {
"two"
} else {
"three"
}
}
用Builder的形式调用无返回值的方法
fun arrayOfMinusOnes(size: Int): IntArray {
return IntArray(size).apply { fill(-1) }
}
这里apply函数是Any类的,任何对象都有,返回值为自身,可以在apply中调用对象的void方法,apply函数返回自身使builder继续
只有一个表达式的方法
fun theAnswer() = 42
上面这个例子等价于
fun theAnswer(): Int {
return 42
}
when表达式的例子同理,再粘一遍
fun transform(color: String): Int = when (color) {
"Red" -> 0
"Green" -> 1
"Blue" -> 2
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
}
使用with关键字直接调用对象的复数个方法
class Turtle {
fun penDown()
fun penUp()
fun turn(degrees: Double)
fun forward(pixels: Double)
}
val myTurtle = Turtle()
with(myTurtle) { //draw a 100 pix square
penDown()
for(i in 1..4) {
forward(100.0)
turn(90.0)
}
penUp()
}
Java 7’s try with resources
val stream = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("/some/file.txt"))
stream.buffered().reader().use { reader ->
println(reader.readText())
}
获取方法泛型的简便写法
// public final class Gson {
// ...
// public <T> T fromJson(JsonElement json, Class<T> classOfT) throws JsonSyntaxException {
// ...
inline fun <reified T: Any> Gson.fromJson(json: JsonElement): T = this.fromJson(json, T::class.java)
使用可以为null的Boolean对象
val b: Boolean? = ...
if (b == true) {
... // b不为null且为true时执行
} else {
// `b` 为false或null时执行
}