帮帮忙顶一下这个文章,非常好的一个文章,非常值得了解。
来自:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-24774106-id-3780341.html
PostgreSQL部署上之后,经过一段时间的运行,我们比较关心那些SQL运行时间比较长,或者说那些SQL执行的特别慢,拖累的性能,只有找到这些SQL,才能有针对性地对这些SQL进行优化,提升PostgreSQL的性能。
PostgreSQL提供了pg_stat_statements来存储SQL的运行次数,总运行时间,shared_buffer命中次数,shared_buffer read次数等统计信息。
Name | Type | References | Description |
---|---|---|---|
userid | oid | pg_authid.oid | OID of user who executed the statement |
dbid | oid | pg_database.oid | OID of database in which the statement was executed |
query | text | Text of the statement (up to track_activity_query_size bytes) | |
calls | bigint | Number of times executed | |
total_time | double precision | Total time spent in the statement, in seconds | |
rows | bigint | Total number of rows retrieved or affected by the statement | |
shared_blks_hit | bigint | Total number of shared blocks hits by the statement | |
shared_blks_read | bigint | Total number of shared blocks reads by the statement | |
shared_blks_written | bigint | Total number of shared blocks writes by the statement | |
local_blks_hit | bigint | Total number of local blocks hits by the statement | |
local_blks_read | bigint | Total number of local blocks reads by the statement | |
local_blks_written | bigint | Total number of local blocks writes by the statement | |
temp_blks_read | bigint | Total number of temp blocks reads by the statement | |
temp_blks_written | bigint | Total number of temp blocks writes by the statemen |
可以看出,pg_stat_statements统计了SQL的很多信息,方便我们分析SQL的性能。但是这个属于PostgreSQL的扩展,需要修改postgresql.conf,才能使用:
操作步骤如下
1 修改配置文件,并且重启PostgreSQL方能生效
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # PG_STAT_STATEMENTS OPTIONS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements'
- custom_variable_classes = 'pg_stat_statements'
- pg_stat_statements.max = 1000
- pg_stat_statements.track = all
- CREATE EXTENSION pg_stat_statements;
上面的表格虽然丰富,其实我们基本比较关心执行最慢的SQL,如何查看执行最慢的10条SQL?
- SELECT query, calls, total_time, (total_time/calls) as average ,rows,
- 100.0 * shared_blks_hit /nullif(shared_blks_hit + shared_blks_read, 0) AS hit_percent
- FROM pg_stat_statements
- ORDER BY average DESC LIMIT 10;
在我另一台机器上,用pgadmin查看:
统计结果一直都在,重启也不会清零,那么统计结果如何清零重新统计呢?执行下面SQL即可:
- select pg_stat_statements_reset() ;
参考文献:
1 More on Postgres Performance
2 PostgreSQL manual