Android开发之如何调用WebService

以如何根据一个手机号码获取号码归属地为例，详细地讲解一下WebService的调用

这里使用的WebService提供站是

http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx?op=getMobileCodeInfo

我们用的是soap1.2协议，根据以上网页中的soap1.2实例来编写代码

SOAP 1.2

以下是 SOAP 1.2 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。

POST /WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx HTTP/1.1

Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn

Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8

Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">

  <soap12:Body>

    <getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">

      <mobileCode>string</mobileCode>

      <userID>string</userID>

    </getMobileCodeInfo>

  </soap12:Body>

</soap12:Envelope>

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8

Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">

  <soap12:Body>

    <getMobileCodeInfoResponse xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">

      <getMobileCodeInfoResult>string</getMobileCodeInfoResult>

    </getMobileCodeInfoResponse>

  </soap12:Body>

</soap12:Envelope>

我们要发送的是一个post请求，完整的路径为

http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx

发送的数据为

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">

  <soap12:Body>

    <getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">

      <mobileCode>string</mobileCode>

      <userID>string</userID>

    </getMobileCodeInfo>

  </soap12:Body>

</soap12:Envelope>

为此我们要先写一个mobilesoap.xml文件，将第一个string改成手机号码(我们可以在xml文件中用占位符来表示)，第二个string可以置空(表示免费用户)

将这些数据以http/post请求发送给服务器，服务器将返回一个响应，响应格式上面已经指出，通过解析响应的数据，就可以得到手机号码的归属地了

第一步，首先要读取我们自己定义的带有占位符的mobilesoap.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">

  <soap12:Body>

    <getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">

      <mobileCode>$mobile</mobileCode>

      <userID></userID>

    </getMobileCodeInfo>

  </soap12:Body>

</soap12:Envelope>

以上是mobilesoap.xml文件中的内容

private static String readSoapFile(InputStream inStream, String mobile) throws Exception{

byte[] data = StreamTool.readInputStream(inStream);

String soapxml = new String(data);

Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();

params.put("mobile", mobile);

return replace(soapxml, params);

}

public static String replace(String xml, Map<String, String> params)throws Exception{

String result = xml;

if(params!=null && !params.isEmpty()){

for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){

String name = "\\$"+ entry.getKey();

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(name);

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(result);

if(matcher.find()){

result = matcher.replaceAll(entry.getValue());

}

}

}

return result;

}

以上代码就可以根据mobilesoap.xml输入流以及 mobile参数构造出完整的基于soap的http请求中的数据部分，将这些数据加上请求头发送给服务器，服务器就可以返回我们所需要的归属地数据了

public static String getMobileAddress(InputStream inStream, String mobile)throws Exception{

String soap = readSoapFile(inStream, mobile);

byte[] data = soap.getBytes();

URL url = new URL("http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx");

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();

conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);

conn.setDoOutput(true);//如果通过post提交数据，必须设置允许对外输出数据

conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");

conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));

OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream();

outStream.write(data);

outStream.flush();

outStream.close();

if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){

return parseResponseXML(conn.getInputStream());

}

return null;

}

       

private static String parseResponseXML(InputStream inStream) throws Exception{

XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();

parser.setInput(inStream, "UTF-8");

int eventType = parser.getEventType();//产生第一个事件

while(eventType!=XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT){//只要不是文档结束事件

switch (eventType) {

case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:

String name = parser.getName();//获取解析器当前指向的元素的名称

if("getMobileCodeInfoResult".equals(name)){

return parser.nextText();

}

break;

}

eventType = parser.next();

}

return null;

}

最后在我们的Activity就可以调用这些方法了，Activity简单界面如下

图 1

为此我们将这些方法定义在MobileAddressService类里面，然后就可以调用了

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    public static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    private EditText txt_mobile;

    private Button btn_search;

    private TextView lab_mobile;

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        txt_mobile = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txt_mobile);

        btn_search = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_search);

        lab_mobile = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.mobile_address);

        btn_search.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

public void onClick(View v) {

String mobileNum = txt_mobile.getText().toString();

InputStream inStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mobilesoap.xml");

try {

String mobileAddress = MobileAddressService.getMobileAddress(inStream, mobileNum);

lab_mobile.setText(mobileAddress);

} catch (Exception e) {

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "获取归属地失败!", 1);

Log.e(TAG,"获取归属地失败!");

}

}

});

        

    }

}

至此，有关webservice调用阐述完毕!