/* 非法参数 */
throw new IllegalArgumentException("name cannot be null");
/* 非法状态 */
throw new IllegalStateException("this file is already locked and cannot be changed");
/* 不支持的操作 */
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("can't manpulate the file");
空指针异常: NullPointerException
类找不到: ClassNotFoundException
越界异常: IndexOutOfBoundsException
没有访问权限异常: IllegalAccessException