Deeplearning Toolbox中CNN代码学习

本文档详细介绍了如何在Matlab的Deeplearning Toolbox中使用CNN进行深度学习。首先,它涉及读取并预处理训练和测试数据集,包括将样本转换为图像并进行归一化。接着,配置CNN网络结构,包括层数、每层细节、学习率、批量大小和迭代次数。然后,通过cnnsetup初始化网络结构和参数。进一步,利用cnntrain进行模型训练,最后通过cnntest评估模型性能,输出错误率,以此验证CNN在图像识别任务上的表现。
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    最近在研究CNN的实现,在还没自己动手写之前,先看看现在比较常用的Matlab的Deeplearning Toolbox中的CNN实现。
    在Toolbox中,CNN的实现过程主要包括下面几个文件
    cnntrain.m           //用于训练CNN的m文件
    cnntest.m            //用于预测的m文件
    cnnsetup.m           //设置训练参数的m文件
    cnnnumgradcheck.m    //用于梯度检查的m文件
    cnnff.m              //用于计算前向过程的m文件
    cnnbp.m              //用于计算误差方向传递的m文件
    cnnapplygrads.m      //用于使用梯度下降算法的m文件



    在test_example_CNN.m中,Toolbox的作者使用了MNIST手写字体数据库对CNN部分进行了测试。我将从test_example_CNN.m文件开始,按照使用CNN的过程对CNN的每一部分代码进行学习。



test_example_CNN.m

function test_example_CNN
load mnist_uint8;

% 将样本调整大小,并进行归一化
train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255;
test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255;
train_y = double(train_y');
test_y = double(test_y');

%% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network 
%will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. 
%With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% error

rand('state',0)


% CNN的网络结构,这些只是说明卷积层和下采样层,CNN是一个结构数组
cnn.layers = {
    struct('type', 'i') %input layer
    struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer
    struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer
    struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer
    struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer
};


opts.alpha = 1;        %BP算法的学习速率
opts.batchsize = 50;   %进行一个训练的样本的大小
opts.numepochs = 5;    %迭代次数


cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y);        %设置CNN的结构
cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts);  %训练CNN

[er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y);     %测试CNN

%plot mean squared error
figure; plot(cnn.rL);
assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error');

er                   %显示错误率
save('CNN-10');      %保存神经网络



    从test_example_CNN.m文件可以看出,这个文件主要按照下面的步骤进行:
  1. 将读取训练样本和测试样本;
  2. 将样本恢复为图像,并归一化为0~1;</
深度学习工具包 Deprecation notice. ----- This toolbox is outdated and no longer maintained. There are much better tools available for deep learning than this toolbox, e.g. [Theano](http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/), [torch](http://torch.ch/) or [tensorflow](http://www.tensorflow.org/) I would suggest you use one of the tools mentioned above rather than use this toolbox. Best, Rasmus. DeepLearnToolbox ================ A Matlab toolbox for Deep Learning. Deep Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning deep hierarchical models of data. It is inspired by the human brain's apparent deep (layered, hierarchical) architecture. A good overview of the theory of Deep Learning theory is [Learning Deep Architectures for AI](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~bengioy/papers/ftml_book.pdf) For a more informal introduction, see the following videos by Geoffrey Hinton and Andrew Ng. * [The Next Generation of Neural Networks](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M) (Hinton, 2007) * [Recent Developments in Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdIURAu1-aU) (Hinton, 2010) * [Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmNOAtZIgIk) (Ng, 2011) If you use this toolbox in your research please cite [Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data](http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6284) ``` @MASTERSTHESIS\{IMM2012-06284, author = "R. B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012", } ``` Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot com Directories included in the toolbox ----------------------------------- `NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks `CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks `DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks `SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders `CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders `util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries `data/` - Data used by the examples `tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is working For references on each library check REFS.md Setup ----- 1. Download. 2. addpath(genpath('DeepLearnToolbox')); Example: Deep Belief Network --------------------- ```matlab function test_example_DBN load mnist_uint8; train_x = double(train_x) / 255; test_x = double(test_x) / 255; train_y = double(train_y); test_y = double(test_y); %% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit RBM and visualize its weights rand('state',0) dbn.sizes = [100]; opts.numepochs = 1; opts.batchsize = 100; opts.momentum = 0; opts.alpha = 1; dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts); dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts); figure; visualize(dbn.rbm{1}.W'); % Visualize the RBM weights %% ex2 train a 100-100 hidden unit DBN and use its weights to initialize a NN rand('state',0) %train dbn dbn.sizes = [100 100]; opts.numepochs = 1; opts.batchsize = 100; opts.momentum = 0; opts.alpha = 1; dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts); dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts); %unfold dbn to nn nn = dbnunfoldtonn(dbn, 10); nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; %train nn opts.numepochs = 1; opts.batchsize = 100; nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts); [er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y); assert(er < 0.10, 'Too big error'); ``` Example: Stacked Auto-Encoders --------------------- ```matlab function test_example_SAE load mnist_uint8; train_x = double(train_x)/255; test_x = double(test_x)/255; train_y = double(train_y); test_y = double(test_y); %% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit SDAE and use it to initialize a FFNN % Setup and train a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) rand('state',0) sae = saesetup([784 100]); sae.ae{1}.activation_function = 'sigm'; sae.ae{1}.learningRate = 1; sae.ae{1}.inputZeroMaskedFraction = 0.5; opts.numepochs = 1; opts.batchsize = 100; sae = saetrain(sae, train_x, opts); visualize(sae.ae{1}.W{1}(:,2:end)') % Use the SDAE to initialize a FFNN nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]); nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; nn.learningRate = 1; nn.W{1} = sae.ae{1}.W{1}; % Train the FFNN opts.numepochs = 1; opts.batchsize = 100; nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts); [er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y); assert(er < 0.16, 'Too big error'); ``` Example: Convolutional Neural Nets --------------------- ```matlab function test_example_CNN load mnist_uint8; train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255; test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255; train_y = double(train_y'); test_y = double(test_y'); %% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network %will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. %With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% error rand('state',0) cnn.layers = { struct('type', 'i') %input layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer }; cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y); opts.alpha = 1; opts.batchsize = 50; opts.numepochs = 1; cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts); [er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y); %plot mean squared error figure; plot(cnn.rL); assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error'); ``` Example: Neural Networks --------------------- ```matlab function test_example_NN load mnist_uint8; train_x = double(train_x) / 255; test_x = double(test_x) / 255; train_y = double(train_y); test_y = double(test_y); % normalize [train_x, mu, sigma] = zscore(train_x); test_x = normalize(test_x, mu, sigma); %% ex1 vanilla neural net rand('state',0) nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]); opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through data opts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples [nn, L] = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts); [er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y); assert(er < 0.08, 'Too big error'); %% ex2 neural net with L2 weight decay rand('state',0) nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]); nn.weightPenaltyL2 = 1e-4; % L2 weight decay opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through data opts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts); [er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y); assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error'); %% ex3 neural net with dropout rand('state',0) nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]); nn.dropoutFraction = 0.5; % Dropout fraction opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through data opts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts); [er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y); assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error'); %% ex4 neural net with sigmoid activation function rand('state',0) nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]); nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; % Sigmoid activation function nn.learningRate = 1; % Sigm require a lower learning rate opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through data opts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts); [er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y); assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error'); %% ex5 plotting functionality rand('state',0) nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through data nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax output opts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples opts.plot = 1; % enable plotting nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts); [er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y); assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error'); %% ex6 neural net with sigmoid activation and plotting of validation and training error % split training data into training and validation data vx = train_x(1:10000,:); tx = train_x(10001:end,:); vy = train_y(1:10000,:); ty = train_y(10001:end,:); rand('state',0) nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax output opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through data opts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples opts.plot = 1; % enable plotting nn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally) [er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y); assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error'); ``` [![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")
Deep Learning Toolbox是一种用于进行深度学习任务的工具箱,它提供了丰富的功能和算法来帮助我们进行深度学习模型的开发和训练。而"merchdata.zip"是一个压缩文件,其包含了用于商品数据的相关文件和数据集。 这个压缩文件的"merchdata.zip"可能包含了用于深度学习模型训练的商品数据集,该数据集可能包含了大量的关于商品的信息,如商品名称、描述、价格、所属类别等等。这些数据可以用于训练深度学习模型,以实现商品分类、商品推荐、价格预测等任务。 在使用Deep Learning Toolbox进行深度学习任务时,我们可以首先使用相应的代码从"merchdata.zip"提取出数据集,并对数据集进行预处理和清洗。接着,我们可以使用Deep Learning Toolbox提供的各种算法和模型来构建适合的深度学习模型,例如卷积神经网络CNN)、循环神经网络(RNN)、深度神经网络(DNN)等等。 通过使用Deep Learning Toolbox和"merchdata.zip"提供的商品数据集,我们可以训练一个深度学习模型,通过输入商品的相关信息,输出该商品的类别、推荐指数、价格预测等结果。这将有助于商业领域的商品分类、推荐系统、市场预测等任务的实现,提高商品推荐的准确性和用户满意度。 总之,Deep Learning Toolbox和"merchdata.zip"提供了强大的工具和数据集,使我们能够使用深度学习技术来开发创新的商品分类、推荐和预测模型,帮助商家和消费者更好地进行商品选择和决策。
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