A Cypherpunk's Manifesto

(转载，待翻译) 原文地址：https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html

A Cypherpunk's Manifesto

by Eric Hughes

Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.

在电子信息时代，隐私对于一个开放的社会是必要的。隐私并不是秘密。如果说私人的事情是不想要让外界知道，那么一件秘密的事情则是不想让任何人知道。隐私，是选择性地对外界展示自己的权利。

If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this; how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.

如果两个人/组织有一些交集，那么每一方都记得他们交互的过程，每一方都可以说出他们打交道的事情；怎么能避免这样的事情呢？某一方可以通过法律去阻止这件事。但是言论自由作为开放社会的基础，它比个人隐私更加重要，所以，我们不想通过限制言论自由来解决这个问题。如果许多人在同一个论坛中发表言论，那么每一方都可以与其他人对话 ，并且将个人和集体的知识汇集起来。电子通信的力量使得这样的群组交流成为可能，且这样的群组不会消失。原因很简单，我们需要它。

Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself; I mustalways reveal myself.

既然我们渴望隐私，我们必须保证参与事务的每一方都只知道事务相关的必要信息。因为任何信息都可以被泄露，我们必须保证我们尽可能揭露较少的信息。举个栗子，当我在商店购买一本杂志，把钱交给店员时，店员不需要知道我是谁。当我要求我的电子邮箱提供商发送和接收信息时，我的提供方不需要知道我在讨论的对象和内容，也不需要知道别人对我说了什么；我的电子邮箱提供商只需要知道如何获取信息，我需要支付给他们多少费用就行了。当我的身份被事务的底层机制揭露时，我没有隐私可言。如果我不能选择性地揭露我自己，我就得把自己完全暴露。

Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. Until now, cash has been the primary such system. An anonymous transaction system is not a secret transaction system. An anonymous system empowers individuals to reveal their identity when desired and only when desired; this is the essence of privacy.

所以，在开放社会中，保证隐私需要匿名的交易系统。直到现在，现金是第一个满足这个条件的系统。一个匿名的交易系统不只是一个私密的交易系统。一个匿名系统给个体赋能，让他们在想要揭示自己身份的时候展示自己的身份，这即是隐私的本质。

Pivacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one's identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.

在开放社会中。隐私也需要密码学。如果我说了什么，我想要我说的话只被哪些我想要让他们听到的那些人知道。如果我说话的内容让全世界都知道了，那么我就没有隐私可言。加密，意味着对隐私的渴望。如果通过弱加密来保护隐私，意味着对隐私的渴望不强烈。进一步说，揭示某人的身份，默认匿名需要密码学的签名。

We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor's younger, stronger cousin; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.

我们不能指望政府，企业或者其他大的，身份不明的组织来保证我们的隐私(出于他们的利益角度)。谈论我们对他们是有利的，并且我们认为他们会谈论我们。为了防止他们说的话违背信息的真实性。信息不止想要自由，它本身是属于自由的。信息扩张到可存储的空间。信息是谣言的年轻的，强壮的兄弟。信息是脚的舰队，它没有眼睛，但是知道更多，并且比谣言懂得更少。

We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.

如果我们想要隐私，那么必须捍卫好我们自己的隐私。我们必须聚集起来并且创造允许匿名交易发生的系统。人们已经在密谈，黑暗，信封，关闭的们，秘密握手和快递相关领域捍卫隐私持续了几个世纪。过去的技术不允许强隐私，但是电子科技可以。

We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.

我们这群赛博朋克致力于打造匿名系统。我们通过密码学，通过匿名邮件转发系统，通过电子签名，通过电子货币来保卫我们的隐私。

Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and since we can't get privacy unless we all do, we're going to write it. We publish our code so that our fellow Cypherpunks may practice and play with it. Our code is free for all to use, worldwide. We don't much care if you don't approve of the software we write. We know that software can't be destroyed and that a widely dispersed system can't be shut down.

赛博朋克编写代码。我们知道有人必须编写软件来保卫隐私，并且既然我们不能获取隐私，除非我们全部这样，我们将一起编写它。我们公布我们的代码，这样我们的朋友赛博朋克们可能可以练习并且把玩它。我们的代码可以自由使用，传播。我们不在意你是否同意我们所写的软件。我们知道软件不能被摧毁，而且广泛传播的系统不可能被关闭。

Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation's border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.

赛博朋克们强烈反对对密码学的监管，因为加密天然就是一种隐私行为。加密这种行为，实际上，就是把信息从公众领域移出。

For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one's fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.

The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.

Onward.

Eric Hughes <hughes@soda.berkeley.edu>

9 March 1993