在消息的获取上是选择轮询还是推送得根据实际的业务需要来技术选型,例如对消息实时性比较高的需求,比如微博新通知或新闻等那就最好是用推送了。但如果只是一般的消息检测比如更新检查,可能是半个小时或一个小时一次,那用轮询也是一个不错的选择,因为不需要额外搭建推送服务器,不用额外配置推送服务。另外推送现在一般以维持长连接的方式实现,在手机客户端也会耗费一定的电量。今天就介绍一个在Android上实现轮询机制的方法——使用AlarmManager
AlarmManager在Android中主要用来定时处理一个事件或是定期处理一个事件,比如闹钟应用就是使用AlarmManager来实现的,我们今天要使用AlarmManager的定期执行功能来实现轮询的功能。对于定期执行任务也可以用Timer和TimerTask来实现,也可以开一个Service在Thread里面以while循环来实现。但最好的方案还是选用AlarmManager,这里涉及一个Android系统锁的机制,即系统在检测到一段时间没有活跃以后,会关闭一些不必要的服务来减少资源和电量消耗。使用Timer和Service来实现的话很可能出现的情况就是屏幕熄灭后一段时间,服务就被停止了,当然轮询也就被停止了。这个大家可以实验一下,之前我写过一篇文章也介绍了一种保持后台唤醒的机制《使用WakeLock使Android应用程序保持后台唤醒》,感兴趣的可以看看。那么接下来就开始使用AlarmManager+Service+Thread来实现我们的轮询服务吧!
一、新建轮询工具类PollingUtils.java
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public
class
PollingUtils {
//开启轮询服务
public
static
void
startPollingService(Context context,
int
seconds, Class<?> cls,String action) {
//获取AlarmManager系统服务
AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
//包装需要执行Service的Intent
Intent intent =
new
Intent(context, cls);
intent.setAction(action);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context,
0
,
intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
//触发服务的起始时间
long
triggerAtTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
//使用AlarmManger的setRepeating方法设置定期执行的时间间隔(seconds秒)和需要执行的Service
manager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, triggerAtTime,
seconds *
1000
, pendingIntent);
}
//停止轮询服务
public
static
void
stopPollingService(Context context, Class<?> cls,String action) {
AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
Intent intent =
new
Intent(context, cls);
intent.setAction(action);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context,
0
,
intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
//取消正在执行的服务
manager.cancel(pendingIntent);
}
}
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public
class
PollingService
extends
Service {
public
static
final
String ACTION =
"com.ryantang.service.PollingService"
;
private
Notification mNotification;
private
NotificationManager mManager;
@Override
public
IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return
null
;
}
@Override
public
void
onCreate() {
initNotifiManager();
}
@Override
public
void
onStart(Intent intent,
int
startId) {
new
PollingThread().start();
}
//初始化通知栏配置
private
void
initNotifiManager() {
mManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
int
icon = R.drawable.ic_launcher;
mNotification =
new
Notification();
mNotification.icon = icon;
mNotification.tickerText =
"New Message"
;
mNotification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;
mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
}
//弹出Notification
private
void
showNotification() {
mNotification.when = System.currentTimeMillis();
//Navigator to the new activity when click the notification title
Intent i =
new
Intent(
this
, MessageActivity.
class
);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
this
,
0
, i,
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(
this
,
getResources().getString(R.string.app_name),
"You have new message!"
, pendingIntent);
mManager.notify(
0
, mNotification);
}
/**
* Polling thread
* 模拟向Server轮询的异步线程
* @Author Ryan
* @Create 2013-7-13 上午10:18:34
*/
int
count =
0
;
class
PollingThread
extends
Thread {
@Override
public
void
run() {
System.out.println(
"Polling..."
);
count ++;
//当计数能被5整除时弹出通知
if
(count %
5
==
0
) {
showNotification();
System.out.println(
"New message!"
);
}
}
}
@Override
public
void
onDestroy() {
super
.onDestroy();
System.out.println(
"Service:onDestroy"
);
}
}
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public
class
MainActivity
extends
Activity {
@Override
protected
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//Start polling service
System.out.println(
"Start polling service..."
);
PollingUtils.startPollingService(
this
,
5
, PollingService.
class
, PollingService.ACTION);
}
@Override
protected
void
onDestroy() {
super
.onDestroy();
//Stop polling service
System.out.println(
"Stop polling service..."
);
PollingUtils.stopPollingService(
this
, PollingService.
class
, PollingService.ACTION);
}
}
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http://www.2cto.com/kf/201307/227896.html