django rest_framework(1)
创建项目
mkdir tutorial
cd tutoial
virtialenv env
source env/bin/activatie
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
django-admin startproject tutoial
cd tutorial
django-admin startapp quickstart
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser --email admin@123.com --username admin
serializer
创建新模块 tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py 用于数据表示
from django.contrib.auth.models import user, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')
我们在这种情况下使用的是超链接关系HyperlinkedModelSerializer。您还可以使用主键和其他各种关系,但超链接是一种很好的RESTful设计。
View
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
我们不是编写多个视图,而是将所有常见行为组合在一起调用ViewSets。
如果需要,我们可以轻松地将它们分解为单独的视图,但使用视图集可以使视图逻辑组织良好,并且非常简洁。
urls
tutorial/urls.py
from django.urls import include, path
from rest_framework import routers
from tutorial.quickstart import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
path('', include(router.urls)),
path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
因为我们使用视图集而不是视图,所以我们可以通过简单地使用路由器类注册视图集来自动为我们的API生成URL conf。
同样,如果我们需要更多地控制API URL,我们可以简单地使用常规的基于类的视图,并明确地编写URL conf。
最后,我们将包含默认登录和注销视图,以便与可浏览API一起使用。这是可选的,但如果您的API需要身份验证并且您想要使用可浏览的API,则非常有用。
pagination
分页允许您控制每页返回的对象数。要启用它,tutorial/settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}
setting
添加’rest_framework’到INSTALLED_APPS。设置模块将在tutorial/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
)
run
python manage.py runserver