安装postgresql和PGVector

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已于 2024-08-19 19:10:53 修改

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分类专栏：数据库文章标签： postgresql 数据库

于 2024-08-17 16:58:00 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/shijin741231/article/details/140937294

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1. 概述

研发有需要，要使用PGVector做向量。简单记录安装postgresql和PGVector过程。

2. 参考

postgresql官方下载连接
 postgresql官方linux yum安装
 PostgreSQL的安装、配置与使用指南
 PostgreSQL向量数据插件–pgvector安装

3. 安装

3.1 只安装postgresql，不安装PGVector

postgresql可以直接从官网下载仓库源，然后直接安装。
如果不想升级CentOS7，可以直接安装postgresql14。
注意：这种方式无法安装PGVector。安装PGVector必须编译安装postgresql

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install -y postgresql16-server
sudo /usr/pgsql-16/bin/postgresql-16-setup initdb
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-16
sudo systemctl start postgresql-16

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install -y postgresql14-server
sudo /usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-14
sudo systemctl start postgresql-14

postgresql安装完成后，查看端口（5432）

netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6379            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      69818/redis-server  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      11566/sshd          
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:5432          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      66829/postmaster    
tcp6       0      0 192.168.8.63:9200       :::*                    LISTEN      79905/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.8.63:9300       :::*                    LISTEN      79905/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      11566/sshd          
tcp6       0      0 ::1:5432                :::*                    LISTEN      66829/postmaster    
tcp6       0      0 :::5666                 :::*                    LISTEN      58730/xinetd

默认系统限制本地登录，密码为空
注意！请登录后修改密码

sudo -u postgres psql

[root@localhost public]# sudo -u postgres psql
psql (14.12)
输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.

postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'yourpassword';
postgres-# exit
使用\q 退出.
postgres-# \q

切换到postgres账号下编辑配置文件，避免权限出错

su - postgres

cd /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/

编辑postgresql.conf，修改以下内容

vim postgresql.conf

listen_addresses = '*'          # what IP address(es) to listen on;

max_connections = 5000                  # (change requires restart)

# 这里取了服务器内存的25%
shared_buffers = 32000MB                        # min 128kB

work_mem = 32MB                         # min 64kB

maintenance_work_mem = 128MB            # min 1MB

编辑pg_hba.conf，修改以下内容

vim pg_hba.conf

增加允许网络连接。注意需要加在IPv4 local connections 下第一条

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               scram-sha-256

3.2 安装postgresql和PGVector

安装PGVector，需要采用编译安装postgresql方式

3.2.1 安装postgresql 16

移除系统中的postgresql（系统中没有安装过，可以忽略）

rpm -qa|grep postgresql

yum remove postgresql*

准备安装环境

yum install -y perl-ExtUtils-Embed python-devel bison flex readline-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ wget libicu-devel

下载需要的安装源码
下载网址：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/v16.3/

下载并解压

tar -zxvf postgresql-16.3.tar.gz  && cd postgresql-16.3

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql --enable-debug
sudo make && sudo make install

cd contrib/
make && sudo make install

创建账号

useradd postgres

mkdir -p /public/postgresql/data

chown postgres:postgres /public/postgresql -R
chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql -R

添加环境变量

vim /etc/profile

export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql
export PGDATA=/public/postgresql/data
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

初始化数据库

su postgres

source /etc/profile

initdb -D /public/postgresql/data

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /public/postgresql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
initdb: hint: You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    pg_ctl -D /public/postgresql/data -l logfile start

编辑配置文件（同上）

cd /public/postgresql/data

vim postgresql.conf

vim pg_hba.conf

启动数据库

pg_ctl -D /public/postgresql/data -l logfile start

修改密码
postgres@localhost data]$ psql

psql (16.3)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'yourpassword';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# \q
[postgres@localhost data]$

远程连接

psql -h 192.168.X.X -p 5432 -U postgres -W

3.2.1 安装pgvector 0.7.4

安装git

yum install -y git

下载pgvector

下载网址：https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/tags

解压源码

tar -zxvf pgvector-0.7.4.tar.gz && cd pgvector-0.7.4

在命令行export设置临时环境变量

sudo make PG_CONFIG=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config 
sudo make PG_CONFIG=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config install

登录数据库安装vector 插件

su - postgres

[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql

postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION vector;

测试向量

postgres=# CREATE TABLE sj_test (id bigserial PRIMARY KEY, embedding vector(3));
postgres=# INSERT INTO sj_test (embedding) VALUES ('[1,2,3]'), ('[4,5,6]');
postgres=# select * from sj_test;