解决方法
collections.Counter
类就是为此设计的,它甚至提供了most_common()
方法来解决你的问题。
举个例子,查找words
中的出现次数最多的词:
words = [
'look', 'into', 'my', 'eyes', 'look', 'into', 'my', 'eyes',
'the', 'eyes', 'the', 'eyes', 'the', 'eyes', 'not', 'around', 'the',
'eyes', "don't", 'look', 'around', 'the', 'eyes', 'look', 'into',
'my', 'eyes', "you're", 'under'
]
from collections import Counter
word_counts = Counter(words)
top_three = word_counts.most_common(3)
print(top_three)
# Outputs [('eyes', 8), ('the', 5), ('look', 4)]
讨论
Counter
对象可以“吞吃”任何哈希元素的序列。一个Counter
是映射元素到出现次数的字典。e.g:
>>> word_counts['not']
1
>>> word_counts['eyes']
8
>>>
如果想手动添加计数,只需简单添加:
>>> morewords = ['why','are','you','not','looking','in','my','eyes']
>>> for word in morewords:
... word_counts[word] += 1
...
>>> word_counts['eyes']
9
>>>
还可以使用update()
函数:
>>> word_counts.update(morewords)
>>>
更有趣的是,Counter
实例可以简单的做大量的数学运算,e.g:
>>> a = Counter(words)
>>> b = Counter(morewords)
>>> a
Counter({'eyes': 8, 'the': 5, 'look': 4, 'into': 3, 'my': 3, 'around': 2,
"you're": 1, "don't": 1, 'under': 1, 'not': 1})
>>> b
Counter({'eyes': 1, 'looking': 1, 'are': 1, 'in': 1, 'not': 1, 'you': 1,
'my': 1, 'why': 1})
>>> # Combine counts
>>> c = a + b
>>> c
Counter({'eyes': 9, 'the': 5, 'look': 4, 'my': 4, 'into': 3, 'not': 2,
'around': 2, "you're": 1, "don't": 1, 'in': 1, 'why': 1,
'looking': 1, 'are': 1, 'under': 1, 'you': 1})
>>> # Subtract counts>>> d = a - b
>>> d
Counter({'eyes': 7, 'the': 5, 'look': 4, 'into': 3, 'my': 2, 'around': 2,
"you're": 1, "don't": 1, 'under': 1})
>>>
无需多言,Counter
对象在对数据做列表和计数上是及其有用的工具。用它你无需用字典写解决方法了。