Gson 是 Google 提供的用来在 Java 对象和 JSON 数据之间进行映射的 Java 类库。可以将一个 JSON 字符串转成一个 Java 对象，或者反过来。
jar和源码下载地址: http://code.google.com/p/google-gson/downloads/list
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private Date birthDay;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [birthDay=" + birthDay + ", id=" + id + ", name="
+ name + "]";
}
}public class GsonTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Gson gson = new Gson();
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setId(1);
student1.setName("李坤");
student1.setBirthDay(new Date());
// //
System.out.println("----------简单对象之间的转化-------------");
// 简单的bean转为json
String s1 = gson.toJson(student1);
System.out.println("简单Bean转化为Json===" + s1);
// json转为简单Bean
Student student = gson.fromJson(s1, Student.class);
System.out.println("Json转为简单Bean===" + student);
// 结果:
// 简单Bean转化为Json==={"id":1,"name":"李坤","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 8:27:52 AM"}
// Json转为简单Bean===Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 08:27:52 CST 2012, id=1,
// name=李坤]
// //
Student student2 = new Student();
student2.setId(2);
student2.setName("曹贵生");
student2.setBirthDay(new Date());
Student student3 = new Student();
student3.setId(3);
student3.setName("柳波");
student3.setBirthDay(new Date());
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
list.add(student1);
list.add(student2);
list.add(student3);
System.out.println("----------带泛型的List之间的转化-------------");
// 带泛型的list转化为json
String s2 = gson.toJson(list);
System.out.println("带泛型的list转化为json==" + s2);
// json转为带泛型的list
List<Student> retList = gson.fromJson(s2,
new TypeToken<List<Student>>() {
}.getType());
for (Student stu : retList) {
System.out.println(stu);
}
// 结果:
// 带泛型的list转化为json==[{"id":1,"name":"李坤","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 8:28:52 AM"},{"id":2,"name":"曹贵生","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 8:28:52 AM"},{"id":3,"name":"柳波","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 8:28:52 AM"}]
// Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 08:28:52 CST 2012, id=1, name=李坤]
// Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 08:28:52 CST 2012, id=2, name=曹贵生]
// Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 08:28:52 CST 2012, id=3, name=柳波]
}
}
执行结果:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?----------简单对象之间的转化-------------
简单Bean转化为Json==={"id":1,"name":"李坤","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 9:10:31 PM"}
Json转为简单Bean===Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 21:10:31 CST 2012, id=1, name=李坤]
----------带泛型的List之间的转化-------------
带泛型的list转化为json==[{"id":1,"name":"李坤","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 9:10:31 PM"},{"id":2,"name":"曹贵生","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 9:10:31 PM"},{"id":3,"name":"柳波","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 9:10:31 PM"}]
Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 21:10:31 CST 2012, id=1, name=李坤]
Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 21:10:31 CST 2012, id=2, name=曹贵生]
Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 21:10:31 CST 2012, id=3, name=柳波]
有时候我们不需要把实体的所有属性都导出,只想把一部分属性导出为Json.
有时候我们的实体类会随着版本的升级而修改.
有时候我们想对输出的json默认排好格式.
public class GsonTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//注意这里的Gson的构建方式为GsonBuilder,区别于test1中的Gson gson = new Gson();
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder()
.excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation() //不导出实体中没有用@Expose注解的属性
.enableComplexMapKeySerialization() //支持Map的key为复杂对象的形式
.serializeNulls().setDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")//时间转化为特定格式
.setFieldNamingPolicy(FieldNamingPolicy.UPPER_CAMEL_CASE)//会把字段首字母大写,注:对于实体上使用了@SerializedName注解的不会生效.
.setPrettyPrinting() //对json结果格式化.
.setVersion(1.0) //有的字段不是一开始就有的,会随着版本的升级添加进来,那么在进行序列化和返序列化的时候就会根据版本号来选择是否要序列化.
//@Since(版本号)能完美地实现这个功能.还的字段可能,随着版本的升级而删除,那么
//@Until(版本号)也能实现这个功能,GsonBuilder.setVersion(double)方法需要调用.
.create();
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setId(1);
student1.setName("李坤");
student1.setBirthDay(new Date());
// //
System.out.println("----------简单对象之间的转化-------------");
// 简单的bean转为json
String s1 = gson.toJson(student1);
System.out.println("简单Bean转化为Json===" + s1);
// json转为简单Bean
Student student = gson.fromJson(s1, Student.class);
System.out.println("Json转为简单Bean===" + student);
// //
Student student2 = new Student();
student2.setId(2);
student2.setName("曹贵生");
student2.setBirthDay(new Date());
Student student3 = new Student();
student3.setId(3);
student3.setName("柳波");
student3.setBirthDay(new Date());
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
list.add(student1);
list.add(student2);
list.add(student3);
System.out.println("----------带泛型的List之间的转化-------------");
// 带泛型的list转化为json
String s2 = gson.toJson(list);
System.out.println("带泛型的list转化为json==" + s2);
// json转为带泛型的list
List<Student> retList = gson.fromJson(s2,
new TypeToken<List<Student>>() {
}.getType());
for (Student stu : retList) {
System.out.println(stu);
}
}
}
输出结果:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?----------简单对象之间的转化-------------
简单Bean转化为Json==={
"Name": "李坤",
"bir": "2012-06-22 21:26:40:592"
}
Json转为简单Bean===Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 21:26:40 CST 2012, id=0, name=李坤]
----------带泛型的List之间的转化-------------
带泛型的list转化为json==[
{
"Name": "李坤",
"bir": "2012-06-22 21:26:40:592"
},
{
"Name": "曹贵生",
"bir": "2012-06-22 21:26:40:625"
},
{
"Name": "柳波",
"bir": "2012-06-22 21:26:40:625"
}
]
Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 21:26:40 CST 2012, id=0, name=李坤]
Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 21:26:40 CST 2012, id=0, name=曹贵生]
Student [birthDay=Fri Jun 22 21:26:40 CST 2012, id=0, name=柳波]
Map的存储结构式Key/Value形式,Key 和 Value可以是普通类型,也可以是自己写的JavaBean(本文),还可以是带有泛型的List(下一篇博客).本例中您要重点看如何将Json转回为普通JavaBean对象时TypeToken的定义.
实体类:
[java] view plaincopyprint?public class Point {
private int x;
private int y;
public Point(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public void setX(int x) {
this.x = x;
}
public int getY() {
return y;
}
public void setY(int y) {
this.y = y;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Point [x=" + x + ", y=" + y + "]";
}
}
测试类:
[java] view plaincopyprint?import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
public class GsonTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().enableComplexMapKeySerialization()
.create();
Map<Point, String> map1 = new LinkedHashMap<Point, String>();// 使用LinkedHashMap将结果按先进先出顺序排列
map1.put(new Point(5, 6), "a");
map1.put(new Point(8, 8), "b");
String s = gson.toJson(map1);
System.out.println(s);// 结果:[[{"x":5,"y":6},"a"],[{"x":8,"y":8},"b"]]
Map<Point, String> retMap = gson.fromJson(s,
new TypeToken<Map<Point, String>>() {
}.getType());
for (Point p : retMap.keySet()) {
System.out.println("key:" + p + " values:" + retMap.get(p));
}
System.out.println(retMap);
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
Map<String, Point> map2 = new LinkedHashMap<String, Point>();
map2.put("a", new Point(3, 4));
map2.put("b", new Point(5, 6));
String s2 = gson.toJson(map2);
System.out.println(s2);
Map<String, Point> retMap2 = gson.fromJson(s2,
new TypeToken<Map<String, Point>>() {
}.getType());
for (String key : retMap2.keySet()) {
System.out.println("key:" + key + " values:" + retMap2.get(key));
}
}
}
结果:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?[[{"x":5,"y":6},"a"],[{"x":8,"y":8},"b"]]
key:Point [x=5, y=6] values:a
key:Point [x=8, y=8] values:b
{Point [x=5, y=6]=a, Point [x=8, y=8]=b}
----------------------------------
{"a":{"x":3,"y":4},"b":{"x":5,"y":6}}
key:a values:Point [x=3, y=4]
key:b values:Point [x=5, y=6]
public class GsonTest4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setId(1);
student1.setName("李坤");
student1.setBirthDay(new Date());
Student student2 = new Student();
student2.setId(2);
student2.setName("曹贵生");
student2.setBirthDay(new Date());
Student student3 = new Student();
student3.setId(3);
student3.setName("柳波");
student3.setBirthDay(new Date());
List<Student> stulist = new ArrayList<Student>();
stulist.add(student1);
stulist.add(student2);
stulist.add(student3);
Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
teacher1.setId(1);
teacher1.setName("米老师");
teacher1.setTitle("教授");
Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher();
teacher2.setId(2);
teacher2.setName("丁老师");
teacher2.setTitle("讲师");
List<Teacher> teacherList = new ArrayList<Teacher>();
teacherList.add(teacher1);
teacherList.add(teacher2);
Map<String, Object> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("students", stulist);
map.put("teachers", teacherList);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String s = gson.toJson(map);
System.out.println(s);
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
Map<String, Object> retMap = gson.fromJson(s,
new TypeToken<Map<String, List<Object>>>() {
}.getType());
for (String key : retMap.keySet()) {
System.out.println("key:" + key + " values:" + retMap.get(key));
if (key.equals("students")) {
List<Student> stuList = (List<Student>) retMap.get(key);
System.out.println(stuList);
} else if (key.equals("teachers")) {
List<Teacher> tchrList = (List<Teacher>) retMap.get(key);
System.out.println(tchrList);
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
[plain] view plaincopyprint?{"students":[{"id":1,"name":"李坤","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM"},{"id":2,"name":"曹贵生","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM"},{"id":3,"name":"柳波","birthDay":"Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM"}],"teachers":[{"id":1,"name":"米老师","title":"教授"},{"id":2,"name":"丁老师","title":"讲师"}]}
----------------------------------
key:students values:[{id=1.0, name=李坤, birthDay=Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM}, {id=2.0, name=曹贵生, birthDay=Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM}, {id=3.0, name=柳波, birthDay=Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM}]
[{id=1.0, name=李坤, birthDay=Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM}, {id=2.0, name=曹贵生, birthDay=Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM}, {id=3.0, name=柳波, birthDay=Jun 22, 2012 9:48:19 PM}]
key:teachers values:[{id=1.0, name=米老师, title=教授}, {id=2.0, name=丁老师, title=讲师}]
[{id=1.0, name=米老师, title=教授}, {id=2.0, name=丁老师, title=讲师}]
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