Java中GUI编程总结—Swing(窗口、面板、弹窗、标签、按钮、列表、文本框)

3.Swing

3.1 窗口 面板

//标签居中
class Myframe2 extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
        this.setVisible(true);
        JLabel lable=new JLabel("欢迎来到狂神");
        this.add(lable);
        //让文本标签居中，设置水平对齐
        lable.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //获得一个容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.yellow);
    }
}

//初始化
public class javaPractice {
    //init();初始化
    public void init(){
        //顶级窗口
        JFrame jf=new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBackground(Color.blue);
        JLabel lable=new JLabel("欢迎来到狂神");
        jf.add(lable);
        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new javaPractice().init();
    }
}

3.2 弹窗

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //JFrame  放东西   容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        //按钮
        JButton button=new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个窗口
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}
class MyDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyDialog() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,400,400);
        //默认就有this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        container.add(new Label("学习java"));
    }
}

3.3 标签

label

new TLabel("xxx")

图标 icon

//图标、需要实现的类，Frame继承
public class javaPractice extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;
    public javaPractice()  {//无参构造
    }
    public javaPractice(int width,int height)  {
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
    }
    public void  init(){
        javaPractice iconDemo=new javaPractice(15,15);
        //图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上！
        JLabel label =new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container=getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice().init();
    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }
    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }
    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

图片 icon

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label=new JLabel("Imageicon");
        URL url=javaPractice.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon=new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container=getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}

3.4 面板

• JPanel

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
        JPanel panel1=new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        container.add(panel1);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}

• JScroll

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea(20,50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习狂神说java");
        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane=new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}

3.5 按钮

• 图片按钮

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource=javaPractice.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);
        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button=new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
        container.add(button);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}

• 单选按钮

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource=javaPractice.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);
        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1=new JRadioButton("button1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2=new JRadioButton("button2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3=new JRadioButton("button3");
        //单选只能选择一个，所以一个组中只能选择一个
        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}

• 复选按钮

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox01=new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
        JCheckBox checkBox02=new JCheckBox("checkBox02");
        container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPracti ce();
    }
}

3.6 列表

• 下拉框

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        JComboBox status=new JComboBox();
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");
        container.add(status);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}

• 列表框

  public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
      public javaPractice(){
          Container container=this.getContentPane();
          //String[] content={"1","2","3"};
          Vector contents=new Vector();
          //列表中需要加入内容
          JList jList=new JList(contents);
          contents.add("zhangsan");
          contents.add("lisi");
          contents.add("wangwu");
          container.add(jList);
          this.setVisible(true);
          this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
          this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
      }
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          new javaPractice();
      }
  }
  

• 应用场景
  • 选择地区，或者一些单个选项
  • 列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容

3.7 文本框

• 文本框

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        JTextField textField=new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField0=new JTextField("word",20);
        container.add(textField,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(textField0,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}

• 密码框

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //画板
        JPasswordField passwordField=new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');
        container.add(passwordField);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}

• 文本域

public class javaPractice extends JFrame {
    public javaPractice(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea(20,50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习狂神说java");
        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane=new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new javaPractice();
    }
}