网络编程-BIO、NIO、AIO

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-09 18:53:27 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-09 18:53:27 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： nio

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基本概念

Socket又称“套接字”，应用程序通常通过“套接字”向网络发出请求或者应答网络请求。
Socket类库位于java.net包中，ServerSocket用于服务器端，Socket是建立网络连接时使用的。在连接成功时，应用程序两端都会产生一个Socket实例，操作这个实例，完成所需的会话。对于一个网络连接来说，套接字是平等的，不因为在服务器端或在客户端而产生不同级别。不管是Socket还是ServerSocket都是通过SocketImpl类及子类完成的。
Socket通信四步骤：
1. 服务器监听,是服务器端套接字并不定位具体的客户端套接字，而是处于等待连接的状态，实时监控网络状态。
2. 客户端请求，由客户端的套接字提出连接请求，要连接的目标是服务器端的套接字。客户端的套接字必须首先描述它要连接的服务器的套接字，指出服务器套接字的地址和端口号，然后就向服务器端套接字提出连接请求。
3. 服务器端连接确认，服务器端套接字监听到或者接收到客户端套接字的连接请求，它就响应客户端套接字的请求，建立一个新的线程，把服务器端套接字的描述发给客户端。
4. 客户端连接确认，一旦客户端确认了此描述，连接就建立好了。双方开始进行通信，而服务器端套接字继续处于监听状态，继续接收其他客户端套接字的连接请求。

public class Server {

    final static int PORT = 6666;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket server = null;
        try {
            server = new ServerSocket(PORT);
            System.out.println("server start..");
            //进行阻塞
            Socket socket = server.accept();
            //新建一个线程执行客户端任务
            new Thread(new ServerHandler(socket)).start();;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (server != null) {
                try {
                    server.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            server = null;
        }

    }
}

public class Client {

    final static String ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
    final static int PORT = 6666;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        PrintWriter out = null;

        try {
            socket = new Socket(ADDRESS,PORT);
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);

            //向服务端发送数据
            out.println("接收到客户端请求数据..");
            String response = in.readLine();
            System.out.println("Client:" + response);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(in != null){
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (out != null) {
                out.close();
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            in = null;
            out = null;
            socket = null;
        }
    }
}

伪异步IO，采用线程池和任务队列可以实现一种伪异步的IO通信框架。将客户端的socket封装成一个task任务（实现runnable接口的类）然后投递到线程池中，配置相应的队列进行实现。
阻塞：应用程序在获取网络数据的时候，如果网络传输数据很慢，那么程序就一直等待，直到传输完毕为止。
非阻塞：应用程序直接可以获取已经准备就绪好的数据，无需等待。
同步：应用程序会直接参与IO读写操作，并且我们的应用程序会直接阻塞到某一个方法上，直到数据准备就绪，或者采用轮询的策略实时检查数据的就绪状态，如果就绪则获取数据。
异步时，则所有的IO读写操作交给操作系统处理，与我们的应用程序没有直接关系，我们程序不需要关心IO读写，当操作系统完成了IO读写操作时，会给我们应用程序发送通知，应用程序直接拿走数据即可。
BIO为同步阻塞，NIO为同步非阻塞，AIO为异步非阻塞。

Buffer是一个对象，它包含一些要写入或者要读取的数据。在NIO类库中加入Buffer对象，体现了新库与原IO的的一个重要的区别。在面向流的IO中，可以将数据直接写入或读取到Stream对象中。在NIO库中，所有数据都是用缓冲区处理的（读写）。缓冲区实质上是一个数组，通常是一个字节数组（ByteBuffer），也可以使用其他类型的数组。这个数组为缓冲区提供了数据的访问读写等操作属性，如位置、容量、上限等概念。

IntBuffer buffer = IntBuffer.allocate(10);
buffer.put(6);
buffer.put(8);
buffer.put(10);
buffer.flip();//buffer位置复位

System.out.println("使用flip复位：" + buffer);
System.out.println("容量为：" + buffer.capacity());
System.out.println("限制为：" + buffer.limit());

System.out.println("获取下标为1的元素：" + buffer.get(1));
System.out.println("get(index)方法，position位置不改变：" + buffer);
buffer.put(1, 4);
System.out.println("put(index,change)方法，position位置不变：" + buffer);

for (int i = 0; i < buffer.limit(); i++) {
    //调用get方法会使其缓冲区位置（position）向后递增一位
    System.out.println(buffer.get());
}
System.out.println("buffer对象遍历之后为：" + buffer);

//wrap方法使用
int[] arr = new int[]{1,2,3};
IntBuffer buffer = IntBuffer.wrap(arr);
System.out.println(buffer);

IntBuffer intBuffer = IntBuffer.wrap(arr, 0, 2);
//容量为数组arr的长度，但是可操作的元素只有实际进入缓存区的元素长度
System.out.println(intBuffer);*

IntBuffer buffer = IntBuffer.allocate(10);
int[] arr = new int[]{1,2,3};
buffer.put(arr);
System.out.println(buffer);
//一种复制方法
IntBuffer intBuffer = buffer.duplicate();
System.out.println(intBuffer);

//设置buffer的位置属性
//      buffer.position(0);
buffer.flip();//复位
System.out.println(buffer);

System.out.println("可读数据为：" + buffer.remaining());
int[] arr2 = new int[buffer.remaining()];
//将缓冲区数据放入arr2中去
buffer.get(arr2);
for (int i : arr2) {
    System.out.print(Integer.toString(i) + ",");
}

BIO编程

public class ServerHandler1 implements Runnable {

    private Socket socket;
    public ServerHandler1(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        BufferedReader br = null ;
        PrintWriter pw = null;
        try {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            pw = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
            String body = null;
            while (true) {
                body = br.readLine();
                if (body == null) {
                    break;
                }
                System.out.println("server:" + body);
                pw.println("服务端回应数据");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (br != null) {
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

public class Server1 {

    private final static int PORT = 6666;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        try {
            //创建serverSocket
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT);
            System.out.println("server start");
            //阻塞
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            new Thread(new ServerHandler1(socket)).start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(serverSocket != null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

public class Client1 {

    private final static String ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
    private final static int PORT = 6666;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BufferedReader br = null;
        PrintWriter pw = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        try {
            //创建socket
            socket = new Socket(ADDRESS, PORT);
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            pw = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
            pw.println("客户端向服务端发送信息");
            String readLine = br.readLine();
            System.out.println(readLine);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (pw != null) {
                pw.close();
            }
            if (br != null) {
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

伪异步

public class ServerHandler1 implements Runnable{

    private Socket socket;
    public ServerHandler1(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        BufferedReader in = null;
        PrintWriter out = null;
        try {
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
            String body = null;
            while (true) {
                body = in.readLine();
                if(body == null) break;
                System.out.println("客户端发送信息： " + body);
                out.println("server response");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (out != null) {
                out.close();
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            socket = null;
        }
    }

}

//自定义线程池
public class HandlerExecutorPool1 {

    private ExecutorService executors; 
    public HandlerExecutorPool1(int maxPoolSize, int queueSize) {
        this.executors = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                            Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(), 
                            maxPoolSize, 120L, 
                            TimeUnit.SECONDS, 
                            new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(queueSize));
    }

    public void execute(Runnable task){
        this.executors.submit(task);
    }
}

//服务端
public class Server1 {

    final static int PORT = 6666;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT);
            System.out.println("server start");
            HandlerExecutorPool1 pool = new HandlerExecutorPool1(50,1000);
            Socket socket = null;
            while (true) {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                pool.execute(new ServerHandler1(socket));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

//客户端
public class Client1 {

    final static String ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
    final static int PORT = 6666;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BufferedReader in = null;
        PrintWriter out = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        try {
            socket = new Socket(ADDRESS, PORT);
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
            out.println("client response");
            String response = in.readLine();
            System.out.println("服务端发送的信息：" + response);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (out != null) {
                out.close();
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                socket = null;
            }
        }
    }
}

NIO编程

public class Server1 implements Runnable{
    //1 多路复用器（管理所有的通道）
    private Selector seletor;
    //2 建立缓冲区
    private ByteBuffer readBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
    //3 
    private ByteBuffer writeBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
    public Server1(int port){
        try {
            //1 打开路复用器
            this.seletor = Selector.open();
            //2 打开服务器通道
            ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            //3 设置服务器通道为非阻塞模式
            ssc.configureBlocking(false);
            //4 绑定地址
            ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
            //5 把服务器通道注册到多路复用器上，并且监听阻塞事件
            ssc.register(this.seletor, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

            System.out.println("Server start, port :" + port);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            try {
                //1 必须要让多路复用器开始监听
                this.seletor.select();
                //2 返回多路复用器已经选择的结果集
                Iterator<SelectionKey> keys = this.seletor.selectedKeys().iterator();
                //3 进行遍历
                while(keys.hasNext()){
                    //4 获取一个选择的元素
                    SelectionKey key = keys.next();
                    //5 直接从容器中移除就可以了
                    keys.remove();
                    //6 如果是有效的
                    if(key.isValid()){
                        //7 如果为阻塞状态
                        if(key.isAcceptable()){
                            this.accept(key);
                        }
                        //8 如果为可读状态
                        if(key.isReadable()){
                            this.read(key);
                        }
                        //9 写数据
                        if(key.isWritable()){
                            //this.write(key); //ssc
                        }
                    }

                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void write(SelectionKey key){
        //ServerSocketChannel ssc =  (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
        //ssc.register(this.seletor, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
    }

    private void read(SelectionKey key) {
        try {
            //1 清空缓冲区旧的数据
            this.readBuf.clear();
            //2 获取之前注册的socket通道对象
            SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            //3 读取数据
            int count = sc.read(this.readBuf);
            //4 如果没有数据
            if(count == -1){
                key.channel().close();
                key.cancel();
                return;
            }
            //5 有数据则进行读取 读取之前需要进行复位方法(把position 和limit进行复位)
            this.readBuf.flip();
            //6 根据缓冲区的数据长度创建相应大小的byte数组，接收缓冲区的数据
            byte[] bytes = new byte[this.readBuf.remaining()];
            //7 接收缓冲区数据
            this.readBuf.get(bytes);
            //8 打印结果
            String body = new String(bytes).trim();
            System.out.println("Server : " + body);

            // 9..可以写回给客户端数据 

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    private void accept(SelectionKey key) {
        try {
            //1 获取服务通道
            ServerSocketChannel ssc =  (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
            //2 执行阻塞方法
            SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
            //3 设置阻塞模式
            sc.configureBlocking(false);
            //4 注册到多路复用器上，并设置读取标识
            sc.register(this.seletor, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Thread(new Server1(8765)).start();;
    }

}

public class Client1 {

    //需要一个Selector 
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建连接的地址
        InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8765);

        //声明连接通道
        SocketChannel sc = null;

        //建立缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

        try {
            //打开通道
            sc = SocketChannel.open();
            //进行连接
            sc.connect(address);

            while(true){
                //定义一个字节数组，然后使用系统录入功能：
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                System.in.read(bytes);

                //把数据放到缓冲区中
                buf.put(bytes);
                //对缓冲区进行复位
                buf.flip();
                //写出数据
                sc.write(buf);
                //清空缓冲区数据
                buf.clear();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(sc != null){
                try {
                    sc.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }

}

AIO编程，在NIO基础之上引入了异步通道，并提供了异步文件和异步套接字通道的实现。
- AsynchronousServerScoketChannel
- AsynchronousScoketChanel

public class ServerCompletionHandler implements CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, Server> {

    @Override
    public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel asc, Server attachment) {
        //当有下一个客户端接入的时候 直接调用Server的accept方法，这样反复执行下去，保证多个客户端都可以阻塞
        attachment.assc.accept(attachment, this);
        read(asc);
    }

    private void read(final AsynchronousSocketChannel asc) {
        //读取数据
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        asc.read(buf, buf, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
            @Override
            public void completed(Integer resultSize, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                //进行读取之后,重置标识位
                attachment.flip();
                //获得读取的字节数
                System.out.println("Server -> " + "收到客户端的数据长度为:" + resultSize);
                //获取读取的数据
                String resultData = new String(attachment.array()).trim();
                System.out.println("Server -> " + "收到客户端的数据信息为:" + resultData);
                String response = "服务器响应, 收到了客户端发来的数据: " + resultData;
                write(asc, response);
            }
            @Override
            public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                exc.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
    }

    private void write(AsynchronousSocketChannel asc, String response) {
        try {
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            buf.put(response.getBytes());
            buf.flip();
            asc.write(buf).get();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, Server attachment) {
        exc.printStackTrace();
    }

}

public class Server {
    //线程池
    private ExecutorService executorService;
    //线程组
    private AsynchronousChannelGroup threadGroup;
    //服务器通道
    public AsynchronousServerSocketChannel assc;

    public Server(int port){
        try {
            //创建一个缓存池
            executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
            //创建线程组
            threadGroup = AsynchronousChannelGroup.withCachedThreadPool(executorService, 1);
            //创建服务器通道
            assc = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open(threadGroup);
            //进行绑定
            assc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));

            System.out.println("server start , port : " + port);
            //进行阻塞
            assc.accept(this, new ServerCompletionHandler());
            //一直阻塞 不让服务器停止
            Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Server server = new Server(8765);
    }

}

public class Client implements Runnable{

    private AsynchronousSocketChannel asc ;

    public Client() throws Exception {
        asc = AsynchronousSocketChannel.open();
    }

    public void connect(){
        asc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8765));
    }

    public void write(String request){
        try {
            asc.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(request.getBytes())).get();
            read();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void read() {
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        try {
            asc.read(buf).get();
            buf.flip();
            byte[] respByte = new byte[buf.remaining()];
            buf.get(respByte);
            System.out.println(new String(respByte,"utf-8").trim());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Client c1 = new Client();
        c1.connect();

        Client c2 = new Client();
        c2.connect();

        Client c3 = new Client();
        c3.connect();

        new Thread(c1, "c1").start();
        new Thread(c2, "c2").start();
        new Thread(c3, "c3").start();

        Thread.sleep(1000);

        c1.write("c1 aaa");
        c2.write("c2 bbbb");
        c3.write("c3 ccccc");
    }

}