一、使用背景
Linux根目录磁盘空间不够用了,当修改了虚拟机模版增加磁盘大小或者插入了一块新硬盘,但是发现系统里的大小还是没改变。
产生的原因是没有给磁盘格式化,没有增加分区。
二、操作方法
1.查看磁盘空间大小,使用df -h 命令,发现挂载根目录节点的/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 只有7.1G容量。
[root@node-002 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 18G 9.3G 7.1G 57% / tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 42M 411M 10% /boot
2.增加磁盘空间,例如下图使用VM虚拟机增加的方式。
3.使用fdisk -l命令查看磁盘信息。当看到第一行Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB与实际df -h显示内容不符时,说明增加磁盘成功了。
[root@node-002 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00092cf6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
4.使用fdisk /dev/sda, 创建新分区。
注意:不同操作系统的磁盘命名方式不同,有些是/dev/vda。具体使用方式参考第三步中fdisk -l首行显示Disk。如笔者在该系统中首行显示为Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes ,故使用命令fdisk /dev/sda)
按照下面Linux操作进行分区。
[root@node-002 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda 命令(输入 m 获取帮助): m 命令操作 a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) 命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区 Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): p #选择主分区 分区号 (1-4,默认为 3): 3 #分区序号 起始 sector (499712-314572799,默认为 499712): #分区开始回车默认 将使用默认值 499712 Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (499712-501757,默认为 501757): 将使用默认值 501757 命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区 Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): p #选择主分区 Selected partition 4 #分区序号 起始 sector (62912512-314572799,默认为 62912512): #分区开始回车默认 将使用默认值 62912512 Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799,默认为 314572799): 将使用默认值 314572799 命令(输入 m 获取帮助): t #修改分区格式 分区号 (1-5): 4 #修改分区号 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式选择8e linux LVM Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM) 命令(输入 m 获取帮助): p #显示分区信息 Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001a023 设备 启动 起点 终点 块数 Id 系统 /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 62912511 31205377 5 扩展 /dev/sda3 499712 501757 1023 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order 命令(输入 m 获取帮助): w #保存信息 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
5.重启Linux操作系统,使用reboot命令。
6.创建物理卷,使用pvcreate /dev/sda3命令。
[root@node-002 dev]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
7.查看新建的物理卷和大小,使用pvdisplay命令。
[root@node-002 dev]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name vg_node003 PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4994 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 4994 PV UUID UC4j5m-rJO4-DroW-E92L-n5Vj-SU0U-PJyfJf "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "30.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda3 VG Name PV Size 30.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID nng8Gx-51fP-DIBH-YeF4-Sw7B-S0jQ-oGXfpa
8.将添加新的物理卷,加载到vg_node003卷组,使用vgextend vg_node003 /dev/sda3命令。
[root@node-002 dev]# vgextend vg_node003 /dev/sda3 Volume group "vg_node003" successfully extended
9.查看卷组信息,使用vgdisplay命令。
[root@node-002 dev]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_node003 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 49.50 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 12673 Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB Free PE / Size 7679 / 30.00 GiB VG UUID v37e5T-4iPX-olm0-Claw-8EfO-axHf-evCAfc
10.增加vg_node003大小,增加30G。使用lvresize -L +30G /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root命令。
注:vg_node003-lv_root在/dev/mapper里面查看
[root@node-002 mapper]# lvresize -L +29.99G /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 29.99 GiB Size of logical volume vg_node003/lv_root changed from 17.51 GiB (4482 extents) to 47.50 GiB (12160 extents). Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
11.重新识别vg_node003大小,使用resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root命令。
[root@node-002 mapper]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root to 12451840 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root is now 12451840 blocks long.
如出现下列情况
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block 当尝试打开 /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 时 找不到有效的文件系统超级块.
请使用xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root
[root@node-002 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2891264 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=11565056, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming = version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log = internal bsize=4096 blocks=5647, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 11565056 to 24672256
12.查看扩容后的大小 ,使用df -h命令。
[root@node-002 mapper]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 47G 9.3G 36G 21% / tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 42M 411M 10% /boot
当看到/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 已经更新到新的大小时,则表示增加成功。