python处理数据一些小tips

str.split(separator, maxsplit)

separator : The is a delimiter. The string splits at this specified separator. If is not provided then any white space is a separator.

maxsplit : It is a number, which tells us to split the string into maximum of provided number of times. If it is not provided then there is no limit.

format 格式化函数

格式化字符串 

基本语法是通过 {} 和 : 来代替以前的 % 。

format 函数可以接受不限个参数，位置可以不按顺序。

>>>"{} {}".format("hello", "world")    # 不设置指定位置，按默认顺序
'hello world'
 
>>> "{0} {1}".format("hello", "world")  # 设置指定位置
'hello world'
 
>>> "{1} {0} {1}".format("hello", "world")  # 设置指定位置
'world hello world'

也可以设置参数：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
print("网站名：{name}, 地址 {url}".format(name="菜鸟教程", url="www.runoob.com"))
 
# 通过字典设置参数
site = {"name": "菜鸟教程", "url": "www.runoob.com"}
print("网站名：{name}, 地址 {url}".format(**site))
 
# 通过列表索引设置参数
my_list = ['菜鸟教程', 'www.runoob.com']
print("网站名：{0[0]}, 地址 {0[1]}".format(my_list))  # "0" 是必须的

字典遍历 使用迭代器 

for i, (k, v) in enumerate(mydict.items()):
    # your stuff

mydict = {1: 'a', 2: 'b'}
for i, (k, v) in enumerate(mydict.items()):
    print("index: {}, key: {}, value: {}".format(i, k, v))

# which will print:
# -----------------
# index: 0, key: 1, value: a
# index: 1, key: 2, value: b

 解释：

• enumerate returns an iterator object which contains tuples in the format: [(index, list_element), ...]
• dict.items() returns an iterator object (in Python 3.x. It returns list in Python 2.7) in the format: [(key, value), ...]
• On combining together, enumerate(dict.items()) will return an iterator object containing tuples in the format: [(index, (key, value)), ...]