表值函数

 

用户定义表值函数返回 table 数据类型。对于内联表值函数，没有函数主体；表是单个 SELECT 语句的结果集。

以下示例创建了一个内联表值函数。此函数的输入参数为客户（商店）ID，而返回 ProductID、Name 以及 YTD Total（销售到商店的每种产品的本年度节截止到现在的销售总额）列。

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION Sales.fn_SalesByStore (@storeid int)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN 
(
    SELECT P.ProductID, P.Name, SUM(SD.LineTotal) AS 'YTD Total'
    FROM Production.Product AS P 
      JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail AS SD ON SD.ProductID = P.ProductID
      JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS SH ON SH.SalesOrderID = SD.SalesOrderID
    WHERE SH.CustomerID = @storeid
    GROUP BY P.ProductID, P.Name
);
GO

以下示例调用此函数并指定客户 ID 为 602

SELECT * FROM Sales.fn_SalesByStore (602);
 
对于多语句表值函数，在 BEGIN...END 语句块中定义的函数体包含一系列 Transact-SQL 语句，这些语句可生成行并将其插入将返回的表中。
以下示例创建了一个表值函数。此函数具有一个输入参数 EmployeeID 而返回直接或间接向指定员工报告的所有员工的列表。
 
USE AdventureWorks;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fn_FindReports (@InEmpID INTEGER)
RETURNS @retFindReports TABLE 
(
    EmployeeID int primary key NOT NULL,
    Name nvarchar(255) NOT NULL,
    Title nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
    EmployeeLevel int NOT NULL,
    Sort nvarchar (255) NOT NULL
)
--Returns a result set that lists all the employees who report to the 
--specific employee directly or indirectly.*/
AS
BEGIN
   WITH DirectReports(Name, Title, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel, Sort) AS
    (SELECT CONVERT(Varchar(255), c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName),
        e.Title,
        e.EmployeeID,
        1,
        CONVERT(Varchar(255), c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName)
     FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
          JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID 
     WHERE e.EmployeeID = @InEmpID
   UNION ALL
     SELECT CONVERT(Varchar(255), REPLICATE ('| ' , EmployeeLevel) +
        c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName),
        e.Title,
        e.EmployeeID,
        EmployeeLevel + 1,
        CONVERT (Varchar(255), RTRIM(Sort) + '| ' + FirstName + ' ' + 
                 LastName)
     FROM HumanResources.Employee as e
          JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID
          JOIN DirectReports AS d ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID
    )
-- copy the required columns to the result of the function 
   INSERT @retFindReports
   SELECT EmployeeID, Name, Title, EmployeeLevel, Sort
   FROM DirectReports 
   RETURN
END;
GO
在以下示例中，调用了此函数。
 
-- Example invocation
SELECT EmployeeID, Name, Title, EmployeeLevel
FROM dbo.fn_FindReports(109)
ORDER BY Sort;