MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20）

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-03 21:49:56 发布

shy_snow

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-03 21:49:56 发布

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MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20）

0. 安装摘要

清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB 等；
下载 MYSQL RPM包；
安装、配置、启动；
修改 root 密码；
创建数据库、用户和授权等；

1. 清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB

检测系统是否自带安装 mysql:

如果你系统有安装，那可以选择进行卸载:

-- 普通删除模式
rpm -e mysql　　
-- 强制删除模式（不考虑依赖关系）
rpm -e --nodeps mysql

2. 下载

本次安装版本为：mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

方式一：Download MySQL Community Server 官方页面自行下载
- https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
方式二：wget 或下载工具下载
- cdn.mysql.com
- https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

解压：

[root@cdhslave5 mysql]# tar xvf  mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

解压后当前目录包含：

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  472381440 Jan 10 09:23 mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  23814860 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415    336476 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   3748072 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  39278972 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 136172856 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   2177676 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   1723320 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 159637208 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 105476736 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

另附 yum 方式安装

yum install mysql
yum install mysql-server
yum install mysql-devel

3. 安装、配置、启动

3.1 安装

-- 需使用root权限安装

# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

-- 默认将安装在 /var/lib/mysql 目录
-- 默认mysqld 日志将在 /var/log/mysqld.log

3.2 配置

-- 备份配置文件
# cp /etc/my.cnf  /etc/my.cnf.bak

-- 修改配置文件
# vim /etc/my.cnf

-- 增加以下配置
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=5000
default-time_zone = '+8:00'

完整示例见附录一：my.cnf 完整示例。

3.3 启动

-- 1. 启动服务
# service mysqld start

-- 2. 设置开机自启动
# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

-- 如果列表中没有mysqld，先添加，在设置开启自启动：
chkconfig add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
-- 检测列表，如果对应mysqld对应6项中有3项是on则可认为设置成功

-- 其他支持的操作
# service mysqld start/stop/status

如果报/tmp/mysql.sock相关错，关闭服务后尝试建立一下软连接：

ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

4. 修改 root 密码

MySQL 5.7.20 版本启动后会自动生成root的临时密码，需要立即修改。

密码生成在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中。

4.1 获取 root 临时密码

# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-01-10T01:32:00.763478Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rP/,Fox)h9pn

4.2 修改 root 密码

-- 密码有安全等级要求
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED by 'you-root-password';

-- 可正常操作

-- 查看数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

-- 查看字符编码

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name                        | Value                      |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client                 | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection             | utf8                       |
| character_set_database               | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem             | binary                     |
| character_set_results                | utf8                       |
| character_set_server                 | utf8                       |
| character_set_system                 | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir                   | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1                          |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+

-- 查看大小写是否敏感
mysql> show variables like '%lower%';
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| lower_case_file_system | OFF   |
| lower_case_table_names | 1     |
+------------------------+-------+

5. 创建数据库、用户和授权等

5.1 创建数据库

-- UTF8
CREATE DATABASE `test2` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

-- GBK
CREATE DATABASE test2 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

示例：

CREATE DATABASE sentry DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE hive DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE rcr_dev DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE rcr_test DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE rcr_demo DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

5.2 创建用户

CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

如果让该用户可以从任意远程主机登录,可以使用通配符%. 另密码可以为空。

示例：

CREATE USER 'dog'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 
CREATE USER 'pig'@'192.168.1.101_' IDENDIFIED BY '123456'; 
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY ''; 
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%'; 
CREATE USER 'sentry'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';
CREATE USER 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';
CREATE USER 'rcr'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';

** 注意禁止使用root做应用连接**

5.3 授权

GRANT ALL ON sentry.* TO 'sentry'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON hive.* TO 'sentry'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON sentry.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON hive.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON rcr_dev.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON rcr_test.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON rcr_demo.* TO 'rcr'@'%';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES

-- 测试访问

[futeng@FTRMBP ~]$ mysql -h 192.168.129.115 -urcr -p

mysql&gt; show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hive               |
| rcr_demo           |
| rcr_dev            |
| rcr_test           |
| sentry             |
+--------------------+

附录一：my.cnf 完整示例

[root@cdhslave5 futeng]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]




# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=5000
default-time_zone = '+8:00'

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

shy_snow

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MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20）

MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20）0. 安装摘要清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB 等；下载 MYSQL RPM包；安装、配置、启动；修改 root 密码；创建数据库、用户和授权等；1. 清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB检测系统是否自带安装 mysql:如果你系统有安装，那可以选择进行卸载:-- 普
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