Spring中EntityManager的使用

EntityManagerFactory和EntityManager是JPA所定义的接口，在没有SPRING之前，如果选择由程序管理，则需要自己创建一个EntityManagerFactory的单例，然后再由该单例在需要进行数据库操作的方法中创建EntityManager实例，并在查询完毕之后关闭（注意：如果忘记关闭，会造成数据库链接不能及时释放，很快整个数据库就会因为链接被用尽而导致程序报错）。

在Spring中如果你使用了SPRING JPA框架，则上述的事情由该框架完成，你只需要在Controller中注入EntityManager, 执行相关查询，不需要管理创建，关闭，SPRING替你完成。

POM文件中所加入的依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>demotest</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-releases</id>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-releases</id>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

</project>

对方法的调用：

package demotest.controller;

import demotest.entity.Role;
import demotest.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by simon on 2017/6/23.
 */
@CrossOrigin(origins = "http://localhost:3000")
@RestController
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
public class EmController {
    //注入EntityManager
    @Autowired
    private EntityManager entityManager;


    @RequestMapping("/emtest/listuser")
    public List<User> getUserlist() {
        //直接在方法中调用，不用关闭，Spring会进行处理
        Query query = entityManager.createNativeQuery("select * from user", User.class);
        return query.getResultList();

    }

    @RequestMapping("/emtest/listrole")
    public List<Role> test2() {
        Query query = entityManager.createNativeQuery("select * from role", Role.class);
        return query.getResultList();
    }
}