java笔记--day09--final关键字

• 1 final：adj. 最终的；决定性的；不可更改的
• 2 final关键字可以修饰类、成员变量、成员方法
  
  • final关键字修饰类，该类不能被继承
  • final关键字修饰变量，该变量就变成了常量，只能被赋值一次
  • final关键字修饰方法，该方法不能被重写（override）
• 3 final关键字注意事项
  
  • 3.1 修饰基本数据类型
    
    • 代码Demo如下

            class StudentDemo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int num1 = 10;
        final int num2 = 20;
        System.out.println("num1 is "+num1);
        System.out.println("num2 is "+num2);
        System.out.println();

        num1 = 100;
        //num2 = 200;//如果修改num2，编译会出错，通不过
        System.out.println("num1 is "+num1);
        System.out.println("num2 is "+num2);
    }
}

        运行结果：
        num1 is 10
        num2 is 20

        num1 is 100
        num2 is 20

可以看出，final修饰的基本数据类型，该变量是不能再改变的了

• 3.1 修饰引用数据类型
  代码Demo如下：

错误代码：
class Student{
    int age = 10;
    final int age2 = 28; //can not be changed
    public Student(){}

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("Age is "+ age);     
    }
}
class FinalDemo3{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Student s1 = new Student();
        s1.age = 11;
        s1.show();

        Student s2 = new Student();
        s2.age = 12;
        s2.show();

        s1 = s2;    //this line must be commented out.
    }
}
运行结果:
FinalDemo3.java:20: 错误: 无法为最终变量s1分配值
                s1 = s2;        //this line must be commented out.
                ^
1 个错误



正确代码：
class Student{
    int age = 10;
    final int age2 = 28; //can not be changed
    public Student(){}

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("Age is "+ age);     
    }
}
class FinalDemo3{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Student s1 = new Student();
        s1.age = 11;
        s1.show();

        Student s2 = new Student();
        s2.age = 12;
        s2.show();

        //s1 = s2;  //this line must be commented out.
    }
}
运行结果：
Age is 11
Age is 12

可以看出，final修饰引用数据类型（代码中的s1）时。不能改变的是其地址值（所以s1 = s2;这句话是错误的），但是其地址值所指向的数据是可以改变的（s1.age = 11;）。

• 4 final修饰变量的初始化时机
  对3中的class Student进行反编译：

// Decompiled by Jad v1.5.8e2. Copyright 2001 Pavel Kouznetsov.
// Jad home page: http://kpdus.tripod.com/jad.html
// Decompiler options: packimports(3) fieldsfirst ansi space 
// Source File Name:   FinalDemo3.java

import java.io.PrintStream;

class Student
{

    int age;
    final int age2 = 28;

    public Student()
    {
        age = 10;
    }

    public void show()
    {
        System.out.println((new StringBuilder()).append("Age is ").append(age).toString());
    }
}

可以看出，final修饰的变量是在对象构造完成之前进行的