Executor框架

在Java 5之后，并发编程引入了一堆新的启动、调度和管理线程的API。Executor框架便是Java 5中引入的，其内部使用了线程池机制，它在java.util.cocurrent 包下，通过该框架来控制线程的启动、执行和关闭，可以简化并发编程的操作。因此，在Java 5之后，通过Executor来启动线程比使用Thread的start方法更好，更易管理，效率更好（用线程池实现，节约开销）。

Executor主要由三大部分组成：

1、任务：Runnable接口或者Callable接口实现；

2、执行：核心接口Executor、子接口ExecutorSerivce及其实现类ThreadPoolExecutor；

3、结果：Future接口及其实现类FutureTask。

public static class ThreadOne implements Runnable {

	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("I'm " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
	}

}

@Test
public void testRunTask() {
	ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		// 执行Runnable任务，无返回值
		executorService.execute(new ThreadOne());
		System.out.println(i + 11);
	}
	executorService.shutdown();
}

public static class ThreadTwo implements Callable<String> {
	private int id;

	public ThreadTwo(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	@Override
	public String call() throws Exception {
		String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
		System.out.println(name + " is called");
		return name + " result is " + id;
	}

}

@Test
public void testCallTask() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
	List<Future<String>> list = new ArrayList<>();
	ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
	for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
		// 执行Callable任务，并将结果保存在future中
		Future<String> future = executorService.submit(new ThreadTwo(i + 1));
		list.add(future);
	}
	for (Future<String> future : list) {
		// Future返回如果没有完成，则一直循环等待，直到Future返回完成
		while (!future.isDone()) {
		}
		// 输出各个线程（任务）执行的结果
		System.out.println(future.get());
	}
	// 启动一次顺序关闭，执行以前提交的任务，不接受新任务
	executorService.shutdown();
}

public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 正在执行。。。");
	}
}

@Test
public void testSelfThreadPool() {
	// 创建等待队列
	BlockingQueue<Runnable> bqueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(20);
	// 创建线程池，池中保存的线程数为3，允许的最大线程数为5
	ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5, 50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, bqueue);
	// 创建七个任务
	Runnable t1 = new MyThread();
	Runnable t2 = new MyThread();
	Runnable t3 = new MyThread();
	Runnable t4 = new MyThread();
	Runnable t5 = new MyThread();
	Runnable t6 = new MyThread();
	Runnable t7 = new MyThread();
	// 每个任务会在一个线程上执行
	pool.execute(t1);
	pool.execute(t2);
	pool.execute(t3);
	pool.execute(t4);
	pool.execute(t5);
	pool.execute(t6);
	pool.execute(t7);
	// 关闭线程池
	pool.shutdown();
}