1. Idea自身打包方式
1.1 创建Artifacts
快捷键（Ctrl+Alt+Shift+S）打开项目的Project Structure。在Artifacts创建
接着，指定main class，如下：
最后，得到创建得到的artifacts
1.2 打包Artifacts
在菜单栏目选Build，最后一栏Build Artifacts
最后，在出现的窗口创建
得到打包结果：
2. maven打包方式
maven打包的步骤：
- 先mvn clean，再 package即可
- 如需把项目编译成jar包，打进maven仓库里面，可以运行install命令
2.1 maven-jar-plugins 无依赖第三方jar的打包
pom.xml配置如下：
<!--①无依赖其他任何jar打包--> <build> <resources> <resource> <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> <includes> <include>**/*.xml</include> <include>**/*.conf</include> </includes> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <!--scala打包插件--> <plugin> <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId> <artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>scala-compile-first</id> <phase>process-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>add-source</goal> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!--java打包插件--> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <configuration> <archive> <manifest> <addClasspath>true</addClasspath> <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix> <mainClass>com.swordfall.restserver.base.WebServer</mainClass> </manifest> </archive> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
运行：在target中找到打包出来的xxx.jar包，运行java -jar xxx.jar即可，但是如果程序有依赖其他包，比如程序依赖jdbc去查询db，这时候再执行就会出现找不到jdbc依赖，因为我们并没有将依赖包打进去。
2.2 maven-assembly-plugins 解决依赖第三方jar包，并可执行jar的打包
以下方式用的比较少，因为我们依赖的jar，也会打进到我们最终生成的jar中，会导致一个jar文件过大，而且如果要给第三方使用，最好给一个纯净的。
pom.xml配置如下：
<!--②解决依赖第三方，可执行jar的打包，全量打包--> <build> <resources> <resource> <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> <includes> <include>**/*.xml</include> <include>**/*.conf</include> </includes> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <!--scala打包插件--> <plugin> <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId> <artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>scala-compile-first</id> <phase>process-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>add-source</goal> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!--java打包插件--> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> <configuration> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <descriptorRefs> <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef> </descriptorRefs> <archive> <manifest> <mainClass>com.swordfall.restserver.base.WebServer</mainClass> </manifest> </archive> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>make-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>assembly</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
2.3 maven-assembly-plugins zip打包
在2.2基础上，我们还可以利用assembly，将我们依赖的jar归类，打包成一个zip。发布项目的时候，将zip包copy到服务器上，直接unzip xxx.zip，里面包含要运行的jar以及依赖的lib，还有配置的config文件，还可以包括执行脚本，可以直接启动服务。
<!-- ③maven-assembly-plugin --> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <!-- 排除外置的配置文件（运行时注释上，使IDE能读到配置文件；打包时放开注释让配置文件外置，方便修改）可以不配置，maven-jar-plugin下面已配置 --> <!--<excludes> <exclude>config.properties</exclude> </excludes>--> </resource> <!-- 配置文件外置的资源（存放到conf目录，也是classpath路径，下面会配置）--> <!--<resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>config.properties</include> </includes> <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/conf</targetPath> </resource>--> </resources> <plugins> <!--scala打包插件--> <plugin> <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId> <artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>scala-compile-first</id> <phase>process-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>add-source</goal> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!--java打包插件--> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!-- ③打成一个zip包，发布项目的时候，将zip包copy到服务器上，直接unzip xxx.zip，里面包含要运行到的jar以及依赖的lib，还有配置的config文件，即可直接启动服务 --> <!--The configuration of maven-jar-plugin--> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <!--The configuration of the plugin--> <configuration> <!-- 不打包资源文件（配置文件和依赖包分开） --> <excludes> <exclude>*.properties</exclude> <exclude>*.xml</exclude> <exclude>*.txt</exclude> </excludes> <!--Configuration of the archiver--> <archive> <!--生成的jar中，不要包含pom.xml和pom.properties这两个文件--> <addMavenDescriptor>false</addMavenDescriptor> <!--Manifest specific configuration--> <manifest> <!--是否把第三方jar放到manifest的classpath中--> <addClasspath>true</addClasspath> <!--生成的manifest中classpath的前缀，因为要把第三方jar放到lib目录下，所以classpath的前缀是lib/--> <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix> <!--应用的main class--> <mainClass>com.swordfall.restserver.base.WebServer</mainClass> </manifest> <!-- 给清单文件添加键值对，增加classpath路径，这里将conf目录也设置为classpath路径 --> <manifestEntries> <Class-Path>conf/</Class-Path> </manifestEntries> </archive> <!--过滤掉不希望包含在jar中的文件--> <!-- <excludes> <exclude>${project.basedir}/xml/*</exclude> </excludes>--> </configuration> </plugin> <!--The configuration of maven-assembly-plugin--> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <!--The configuration of the plugin--> <configuration> <!--Specifies the configuration file of the assembly plugin--> <descriptors> <descriptor>src/main/assembly/assembly.xml</descriptor> </descriptors> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>make-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
maven-assembly-plugin还需要配置一个assembly.xml文件，用于过滤不必要的第三方jar包文件，或者确定自己编译的项目文件路径、项目的启动脚本文件目录，打包的类型格式zip或者tar.gz等。
assembly.xml文件内容为：
<assembly> <id>bin</id> <includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory> <!-- 最终打包成一个用于发布的zip文件 --> <formats> <format>zip</format> </formats> <!-- Adds dependencies to zip package under lib directory --> <dependencySets> <dependencySet> <!-- 不使用项目的artifact，第三方jar不要解压，打包进zip文件的lib目录 --> <useProjectArtifact>false</useProjectArtifact> <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory> <unpack>false</unpack> </dependencySet> </dependencySets> <fileSets> <!-- 把项目相关的说明文件，打包进zip文件的根目录 --> <!--<fileSet> <directory>${project.basedir}</directory> <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory> </fileSet>--> <!-- 把项目的配置文件，打包进zip文件的config目录 --> <!--<fileSet>--> <!--<directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>--> <!--<outputDirectory>/conf</outputDirectory>--> <!--<includes>--> <!--<include>*.xml</include>--> <!--<include>*.properties</include>--> <!--</includes>--> <!--</fileSet>--> <!-- 把项目自己编译出来的jar文件，打包进zip文件的根目录 --> <fileSet> <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory> <outputDirectory></outputDirectory> <includes> <include>*.jar</include> </includes> </fileSet> <!-- 把项目的脚本文件目录(src/main/scripts)中的启动脚本，打包进zip文件的根目录 --> <fileSet> <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/scripts</directory> <outputDirectory>bin</outputDirectory> <includes> <include>startup.*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </assembly>
打包结果为：
2.4 maven-shade-plugin 打包
使用这种方式打出来的是揉合在一起，成为一个jar文件。这种打包方式的优点是可以利用transformer把第三方jar相同的配置文件组合成一个文件，如reference.conf文件等等。
pom.xml配置如下：
<!--④ maven-shade-plugin--> <build> <resources> <resource> <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> <includes> <include>**/*.xml</include> <include>**/*.conf</include> </includes> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <!--scala打包插件--> <plugin> <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId> <artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>scala-compile-first</id> <phase>process-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>add-source</goal> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!--java打包插件--> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!-- ④ maven-shade-plugin --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.3</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>shade</goal> </goals> <configuration> <transformers> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer"> <mainClass>com.hongshan.bdp.restserver.base.WebServer</mainClass> </transformer> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>reference.conf</resource> </transformer> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>version.conf</resource> </transformer> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>akka-http-version.conf</resource> </transformer> </transformers> <shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached> <shadedClassifierName>jar-with-dependencies</shadedClassifierName> <!--过滤不需要的jar包--> <artifactSet> <excludes> <exclude>io.spray:spray-json_2.11:jar:</exclude> <exclude>org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:</exclude> <exclude>org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:</exclude> <exclude>log4j:log4j:jar:</exclude> <exclude>commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:</exclude> <exclude>commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:</exclude> </excludes> </artifactSet> <minimizeJar>true</minimizeJar> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
打包结果：
总结
【github地址】
https://github.com/SwordfallYeung/MavenPackage
【参考资料】
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16055765/article/details/79481258
https://www.cnblogs.com/Andrew520/p/8857603.html
https://blog.csdn.net/zzm3280/article/details/84953070
https://blog.csdn.net/hxpjava1/article/details/79711710
https://blog.csdn.net/u012834750/article/details/80937747 scala打包插件配置①
https://blog.csdn.net/tf461991046/article/details/80834685 scala打包插件配置②
https://blog.csdn.net/u013019338/article/details/83377070 spring-boot配置读取外部配置文件
https://www.cnblogs.com/hdwang/p/6627912.html 普通jar包如何读取外部的配置文件
https://www.cnblogs.com/wangfajun/p/9585530.html linux shell脚本启动或停止jar
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18300109/article/details/80798334 IDEA如何打包可运行jar,外部引用jar包版
https://blog.csdn.net/qingfengmuzhu1993/article/details/80284739 IDEA自身打包方式
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