UDTF详解

1. UDTF介绍

UDTF(User-Defined Table-Generating Functions) 用来解决 输入一行输出多行(On-to-many maping) 的需求。

 

2. 编写自己需要的UDTF

继承org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.generic.GenericUDTF,实现initialize, process, close三个方法。

UDTF首先会调用initialize方法，此方法返回UDTF的返回行的信息（返回个数，类型）。

初始化完成后，会调用process方法,真正的处理过程在process函数中，在process中，每一次forward()调用产生一行；如果产生多列可以将多个列的值放在一个数组中，然后将该数组传入到forward()函数。

最后close()方法调用，对需要清理的方法进行清理。

下面是我写的一个用来切分”key:value;key:value;”这种字符串，返回结果为key, value两个字段。供参考：

import java.util.ArrayList;

 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.generic.GenericUDTF;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDFArgumentException;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDFArgumentLengthException;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspector;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspectorFactory;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.StructObjectInspector;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory;

 public class ExplodeMap extends GenericUDTF{

     @Override
     public void close() throws HiveException {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub    
     }

     @Override
     public StructObjectInspector initialize(ObjectInspector[] args)
             throws UDFArgumentException {
         if (args.length != 1) {
             throw new UDFArgumentLengthException("ExplodeMap takes only one argument");
         }
         if (args[0].getCategory() != ObjectInspector.Category.PRIMITIVE) {
             throw new UDFArgumentException("ExplodeMap takes string as a parameter");
         }

         ArrayList<String> fieldNames = new ArrayList<String>();
         ArrayList<ObjectInspector> fieldOIs = new ArrayList<ObjectInspector>();
         fieldNames.add("col1");
         fieldOIs.add(PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.javaStringObjectInspector);
         fieldNames.add("col2");
         fieldOIs.add(PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.javaStringObjectInspector);

         return ObjectInspectorFactory.getStandardStructObjectInspector(fieldNames,fieldOIs);
     }

     @Override
     public void process(Object[] args) throws HiveException {
         String input = args[0].toString();
         String[] test = input.split(";");
         for(int i=0; i<test.length; i++) {
             try {
                 String[] result = test[i].split(":");
                 forward(result);
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 continue;
             }
         }
     }
 }

 

3. 使用方法

UDTF有两种使用方法，一种直接放到select后面，一种和lateral view一起使用。

 

1：直接select中使用

select explode_map(properties) as (col1,col2) from src;

不可以添加其他字段使用

select a, explode_map(properties) as (col1,col2) from src

不可以嵌套调用

select explode_map(explode_map(properties)) from src

不可以和group by/cluster by/distribute by/sort by一起使用

select explode_map(properties) as (col1,col2) from src group by col1, col2

 

2：和lateral view一起使用

select src.id, mytable.col1, mytable.col2 from src lateral view explode_map(properties) mytable as col1, col2;

此方法更为方便日常使用。执行过程相当于单独执行了两次抽取，然后union到一个表里。

 

参考文档

http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/Hive/LanguageManual/UDF
http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/Hive/DeveloperGuide/UDTF
http://www.slideshare.net/pauly1/userdefined-table-generating-functions

 

转自 http://blog.csdn.net/tylgoodluck/article/details/7003083

通过Lateral view可以方便的将UDTF得到的行转列的结果集合在一起提供服务。
因为直接在SELECT使用UDTF会存在限制，即仅仅能包含单个字段，如下：

Hive> select my_test(“abcef:aa”) as qq,my_test(“abcef:aa”) as ww from sunwg01;
FAILED: Error in semantic analysis: Only a single expression in the SELECT clause is supported with UDTF’s

hive> select my_test(“abcef:aa”) as qq,’abcd’ from sunwg01;
FAILED: Error in semantic analysis: Only a single expression in the SELECT clause is supported with UDTF’s

不光是多个UDTF，仅仅单个UDTF加上其他字段也是不可以，hive提示在UDTF中仅仅能有单一的表达式。

使用Lateral view可以实现上面的需求，Lateral view语法如下：

lateralView: LATERAL VIEW udtf(expression) tableAlias AS columnAlias (‘,’ columnAlias)*
fromClause: FROM baseTable (lateralView)*

hive> create table sunwg ( a array, b array )
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
> FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\t’
> COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ‘,’;
OK
Time taken: 1.145 seconds

hive> load data local inpath ‘/home/hjl/sunwg/sunwg.txt’ overwrite into table sunwg;
Copying data from file:/home/hjl/sunwg/sunwg.txt
Loading data to table sunwg
OK
Time taken: 0.162 seconds

hive> select * from sunwg;
OK
[10,11] ["tom","mary"]
[20,21] ["kate","tim"]
Time taken: 0.069 seconds

hive>
> SELECT a, name
> FROM sunwg LATERAL VIEW explode(b) r1 AS name;
OK
[10,11] tom
[10,11] mary
[20,21] kate
[20,21] tim
Time taken: 8.497 seconds

hive> SELECT id, name
> FROM sunwg LATERAL VIEW explode(a) r1 AS id
> LATERAL VIEW explode(b) r2 AS name;
OK
10 tom
10 mary
11 tom
11 mary
20 kate
20 tim
21 kate
21 tim
Time taken: 9.687 seconds

来源http://www.oratea.net/?p=650