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iOS开发的这些年里,有的人用代码创建UI,有的人用xib创建UI。到底是用xib还是代码来创建UI,这个问题以前也有过很多争论,我只想说一点,各有各的优点。如果能够将两者融合贯通,那将是更有优势。笔者开发过程中,UI能用xib就尽量用xib(能用storyboard就用storyboard, 一个storyboard里最好别装太多的UIViewController,这在结队开发中将不利)。本文主要介绍使用xib的一些技术,即在xib中布局UI,然后xib与code相结合,快速UI开发介绍。本文主要讲解的也就是加载xib的技术。
还是老方法,用代码说话,首先创建一个Single Page工程,命名为:LoadNibViewDemo。
1.直接加载xib中的UIView
创建一个View1.xib, 随便设一个背景色,加一个标识UILabel, 这样好知道是这个view是哪一个view. 你可以在这个view上加作意的subview,我只是说明原理,所以这儿并没有加作何subview. 最终我的View1如下图:
由于View1会放到其它View上作为subview,所以这儿size是Freeform, Status Bar是:None。
将下面代码放到viewDidLoad中:
- //1
- NSArray *views = [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:@"View1" owner:nil options:nil]; //&1
- UIView *v = [views lastObject];
- CGRect r = v.frame;
- r.origin.y += 80;
- v.frame = r;
- [self.view addSubview:v];
&1这行代码就是加载View1.xib, 然后将xib中的UIView实保存到views中, 由于xib中我们只拖入了一个view, 所以这儿lastObject就返回这个view的实例,这样便加载了xib中的UIView. 接着将这个UIView addSubview到其它view上,运行效果如图:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529135507_1.jpg)
首先我们为ViewController创建一个IBOutlet属性:
- @property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *referencedView;
接着同上面介绍的一样创建一个View2.xib, 如下图:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529133559_1.jpg)
File’s Owner中,我们设为ViewController, 这样我们就可以与实例变量_referencedView建立关联了,如图:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529133611_1.jpg)
接着在viewDidLoad中,在刚才加入的代码下面添加如下代码:
- // 2
- [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:@"View2" owner:self options:nil];
- r = _referencedView.frame;
- r.origin.y = v.frame.size.height + v.frame.origin.y;
- _referencedView.frame = r;
- [self.view addSubview:_referencedView];
与//1中的代码有点类似,只不过owner属性为self了。这样一来,loadNibNamed后,就会实例化与之关联的变量_referencedView, 运行程序你将会看到效果:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529135419_1.jpg)
3.Class Owner建立变量关联
其实这个原理与上面2说的一样的,只不过这儿我们特别定义一个class来作为xib的Owner, 要所有需要关系的view都可以声明在这个Owner中,这样方便代码管理与维护。
这里我们声明一个NSObject的子类FileOwner, 然后再在FileOnwer中声明IBOutLet的关联变量:
- @property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *view;
同理创建一个View3.xib, File’s Owner设为FileOwner, 并建立view关联:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529133739_1.jpg)
接着在viewDidLoad结尾处添加以下代码:
- // 3
- FileOwner *owner = [FileOwner new];
- [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:@"View3" owner:owner options:nil];
- r = owner.view.frame;
- r.origin.y = _referencedView.frame.origin.y + _referencedView.frame.size.height;
- owner.view.frame = r;
- [self.view addSubview:owner.view];
运行效果:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529135324_1.jpg)
为了代码简单,我们增加一个UIView Category方法:
- +(id)loadFromNibNamed:(NSString*) nibName {
- return [FileOwner viewFromNibNamed:nibName];
- }
其中FileOwner的class 方法:
- +(id)viewFromNibNamed:(NSString*) nibName {
- FileOwner *owner = [self new];
- [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:nibName owner:owner options:nil];
- return owner.view;
- }
这样加载xib的代码就会变得更简单。
同理,我们创建一个View4.xib, File’s Owner设为FileOwner, 并建立view关联:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529134001_1.jpg)
接着在viewDidLoad尾添加代码:
- // 4
- UIView *v4 = [UIView loadFromNibNamed:@"View4"];
- r = v4.frame;
- r.origin.y = owner.view.frame.origin.y + owner.view.frame.size.height;
- v4.frame = r;
- [self.view addSubview:v4];
运行效果:
5. 自定义UIView类
在4Category的基础上,我们再引入自定义UIView类,并在xib中与之关联。首先我们创建一个UIView字类UIView5。
接着,我们创建一个View5.xib, File’s Owner设为FileOwner, 并建立view关联:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529134051_1.jpg)
接着增加一个UIView的Category方法:
- +(id)loadFromNib {
- return [self loadFromNibNamed:NSStringFromClass(self)];
- }
在viewDidLoad尾加入代码:
- // 5
- View5 *v5 = [View5 loadFromNib];
- r = v5.frame;
- r.origin.y = v4.frame.origin.y + v4.frame.size.height;
- v5.frame = r;
- [self.view addSubview:v5];
动行效果:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529135232_1.jpg)
6.设置Onwer为UIViewController
首先,我们创建一个View6.xib, File’s Owner设为UIViewController. 这样UIViewController的view属性关联我们xib中的UIView
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529134153_1.jpg)
接着在viewDidLoad中添加代码:
- // 6
- UIView *v6 = [[UIViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"View6" bundle:nil].view;
- r = v6.frame;
- r.origin.y = v5.frame.origin.y + v5.frame.size.height;
- v6.frame = r;
- [self.view addSubview:v6];
动行效果:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529135052_1.jpg)
说了这么多,是时候做一下总结了,其实其本是两个方法,一个是没有File’s Onwer直接加载xib中的UIView,二是通过File’s Onwer关联变量加载xib中的UIView。 然后就是一些Category提供简单接口而已。大家可以再细细品味一下上面所介绍的内容。
大家可以看我源码中UIView+Ext的Category方法中还提供了一个方法:+ (id)loadFromNibNoOwner;它应是方法5与方法1的组合,在此我就不细说了。 都是由上面两个基本方法演变出来的。
7. xib link xib
大家有没有想过在xib中link其它xib? 很可惜苹果不支持这个功能。但是我们可以通过一点技巧实现这个功能。下而我就简单介绍一下。
先说一下原理,加载xib的UIView,如果这个UIView是自定义的UIView(即xib中关联了UIView的子类),如下图:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529134249_1.jpg)
那么在加载显示这个view的时候会触发一些方法,如:
- - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
- - (id)awakeAfterUsingCoder:(NSCoder*)aDecoder
我们就在这儿作些文章,在这儿用前面介绍的方法加载想要的的xib中UI实例替换掉原来返回的实例。
首先我写了一个UIView的了类SubView,代码很容易理解:
- #import "SubView.h"
- #include "UIView+Ext.h"
- @implementation SubView
- - (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
- {
- self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
- if (self) {
- // Initialization code
- }
- return self;
- }
- - (id) awakeAfterUsingCoder:(NSCoder*)aDecoder {
- BOOL theThingThatGotLoadedWasJustAPlaceholder = ([[self subviews] count] == 0);
- if (theThingThatGotLoadedWasJustAPlaceholder) {
- SubView* theRealThing = [[self class] loadFromNibNoOwner];
- // pass properties through
- [self copyUIPropertiesTo:theRealThing];
- //auto layout
- self.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
- theRealThing.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
- return theRealThing;
- }
- return self;
- }
- -(void) copyUIPropertiesTo:(UIView *)view
- {
- // reflection did not work to get those lists, so I hardcoded them
- // any suggestions are welcome here
- NSArray *properties =
- [NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"frame",@"bounds", @"center", @"transform", @"contentScaleFactor", @"multipleTouchEnabled", @"exclusiveTouch", @"autoresizesSubviews", @"autoresizingMask", @"clipsToBounds", @"backgroundColor", @"alpha", @"opaque", @"clearsContextBeforeDrawing", @"hidden", @"contentMode", @"contentStretch", nil];
- // some getters have 'is' prefix
- NSArray *getters =
- [NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"frame", @"bounds", @"center", @"transform", @"contentScaleFactor", @"isMultipleTouchEnabled", @"isExclusiveTouch", @"autoresizesSubviews", @"autoresizingMask", @"clipsToBounds", @"backgroundColor", @"alpha", @"isOpaque", @"clearsContextBeforeDrawing", @"isHidden", @"contentMode", @"contentStretch", nil];
- for (int i=0; i<[properties count]; i++)
- {
- NSString * propertyName = [properties objectAtIndex:i];
- NSString * getter = [getters objectAtIndex:i];
- SEL getPropertySelector = NSSelectorFromString(getter);
- NSString *setterSelectorName =
- [propertyName stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0,1) withString:[[propertyName substringToIndex:1] capitalizedString]];
- setterSelectorName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@:", setterSelectorName];
- SEL setPropertySelector = NSSelectorFromString(setterSelectorName);
- if ([self respondsToSelector:getPropertySelector] && [view respondsToSelector:setPropertySelector])
- {
- NSObject * propertyValue = [self valueForKey:propertyName];
- [view setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
- }
- }
- }
- @end
创建一个EmbeddedView.xib,我们想在其它xib中直接link这个EmbeddedView.xib, 还需要创建一个SubView的了类EmbeddedView。
我的xib信息是这样的:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529134343_1.jpg)
一切就绪后,运行:
![](http://www.cocoachina.com/cms/uploads/allimg/140529/8369_140529134401_1.jpg)
xib可以快速布署UI, 可以提高开发速度哦。 随便在此预告一下下一篇教程的内容:多Storyboard协作开发。
终于这个教程写完了,完整的Demo可以在此下载:LoadNibViewDemo。希望大家多多支持,你们的支持将是我源源不断的动力。