android 6.0权限申请

• 6.0权限的基本知识，以下是需要单独申请的权限，共分为9组，每组只要有一个权限申请成功了，就默认整组权限都可以使用了。

    group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
      permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
      permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS    
      permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
  
    group:android.permission-group.PHONE
      permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
      permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE 
      permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
      permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
      permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
      permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
      permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
  
    group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
      permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
      permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
  
    group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
      permission:android.permission.CAMERA
  
    group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
      permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
  
    group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
      permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
      permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
  
    group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
      permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
      permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  
    group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
      permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
  
    group:android.permission-group.SMS
      permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
      permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
      permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
      permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
      permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
      permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

• 以下是普通权限，只需要在AndroidManifest.xml中申请即可。

    android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
    android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
    android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
    android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
    android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE
    android.permission.BLUETOOTH
    android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
    android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
    android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
    android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
    android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
    android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE
    android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
    android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
    android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
    android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
    android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
    android.permission.INTERNET
    android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
    android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
    android.permission.NFC
    android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
    android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
    android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
    android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
    android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
    android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
    android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
    android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
    android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
    android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
    android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
    android.permission.VIBRATE
    android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
    android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
    com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
    com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
    com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/a51593817825

API的讲解就跟着申请权限步骤一起了：

1. 在AndroidManifest文件中添加需要的权限。

   这个步骤和我们之前的开发并没有什么变化，试图去申请一个没有声明的权限可能会导致程序崩溃。

2. 检查权限

   if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
                   Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
           != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
   }else{
       //
   }
      
      
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   这里涉及到一个API，ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission，主要用于检测某个权限是否已经被授予，方法返回值为PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED或者PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED。当返回DENIED就需要进行申请授权了。

3. 申请授权

    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
                   new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                   MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
      
      
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   该方法是异步的，第一个参数是Context；第二个参数是需要申请的权限的字符串数组；第三个参数为requestCode，主要用于回调的时候检测。可以从方法名requestPermissions以及第二个参数看出，是支持一次性申请多个权限的，系统会通过对话框逐一询问用户是否授权。

4. 处理权限申请回调

   @Override
   public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
           String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
       switch (requestCode) {
           case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
               // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
               if (grantResults.length > 0
                   && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
   
                   // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                   // contacts-related task you need to do.
   
               } else {
   
                   // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                   // functionality that depends on this permission.
               }
               return;
           }
       }
   }
   
      
      
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   ok，对于权限的申请结果，首先验证requestCode定位到你的申请，然后验证grantResults对应于申请的结果，这里的数组对应于申请时的第二个权限字符串数组。如果你同时申请两个权限，那么grantResults的length就为2，分别记录你两个权限的申请结果。如果申请成功，就可以做你的事情了~

当然，到此我们的权限申请的不走，基本介绍就如上述。不过还有个API值得提一下：

// Should we show an explanation?
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
        Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) 
    // Show an expanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
    // this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
    // sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.

}
 
 
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这个API主要用于给用户一个申请权限的解释，该方法只有在用户在上一次已经拒绝过你的这个权限申请。也就是说，用户已经拒绝一次了，你又弹个授权框，你需要给用户一个解释，为什么要授权，则使用该方法。

那么将上述几个步骤结合到一起就是：

// Here, thisActivity is the current activity
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
                Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

    // Should we show an explanation?
    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
            Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {

        // Show an expanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
        // this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
        // sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.

    } else {

        // No explanation needed, we can request the permission.

        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

        // MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS is an
        // app-defined int constant. The callback method gets the
        // result of the request.
    }
}