PHP构造型设计模式

1.构造者Builder

• 用于创建一个复杂对象
• 一个对象需要依赖于大量外部对象或者其他设置参数，通过构造方法创建太复杂

class Query 
{
    private $selects = [];
    private $froms = [];
    public function setSelects(array $selects) {
    }

    public function getResult() {
    }
}

class QueryBuilder 
{
    private $query;

    public function addSelect($select) {
        return $this;
    }

    public function build() {
        return $this->query;
    }
}

$query = (new QueryBuilder())->addSelect('user')->andWhere('uid',1)->build();
$user = $query->getResult();

适用场景

• 对象的创建非常复杂，总是需要配置和先创建其他对象
• 构造者通过相同步骤可创建不同的对象

2.单例模式Singleton

• 全局只有一个类的对象
• 私有化构造方法和克隆方法
• 通过静态方法创建并保持方法
• 注意：实例化方法需要线程安全

class Singleton 
{
    private static $instance;

    private function __clone() {}
    private function __construct() {}

    public static function getInstance() {
        if (!self::$instance) {
            self::$instance = new self();
        }
        return self::$instance;        
    }
}

$instance = Singleton::getInstance();

适用场景

• 类的对象全局唯一
• 节约频繁创建对象的资源开销
• 单例类必须是无状态的

3.抽象工厂Abstract Factory

• 使用与实现分离
• 调用方只依赖于业务逻辑接口，与具体实现无关

interface UserRepository 
{
    public function findOne($id) {}
    public function findAll() {}
}
interface RepositoryFactory 
{
    public function createUserRepository() {}
}
class Client 
{
    private $repositoryFactory;

    public function __construct(RepositoryFactory $factory) {
        $this->$repositoryFactory = $factory;
    }

    public function doSomething() {
        $userRepository = $this->repositoryFactory->createUserRepository();
        $oneUser = $userRepository->findOne(1);
    }
}

业务实现（MySQL）

class MySqlRepositoryFactory implements RepositoryFactory 
{
    private $pdo;
    public function __contruct() {
        $this->pdo = new PDO();
    }
    public function createUserRepository() {
        return new MySqlUserRepository($this->pdo);
    }
}
class MySqlUserRepository implements UserRepository 
{
    private $pdo;
    public function __construct(PDO $pdo) {
        $this->pdo = $pdo;
    }
    public function findOne($id) {
        $sql = 'SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE uid = ?';
        return $result;
    }
    public function findAll() {
        return $result;
    }
}

业务实现（计算器）

abstract class BaseRule
{
    protected $dataArr = [];
    public function addData($data) {
        foreach ($data as $key=>$value) {
            $this->dataArr[$key] = $value;
        }
    }
    abstract function cal();
}
class RuleFactory extend Object 
{
    public function getRule($className) {
        if (!$className) {
            return null;
        } else {
            $class = '\\common\\services\\'.$className.'Rule';
            return new $class();
        }
    }
}
class AccumulationRule extends BaseRule
{
    public function cal() {
        //do something
    }
}

//实例化对象
$ruleInstance = (new RuleFactory())->getRule('Accumulation');
$ruleInstance->addData($data);
$ruleInstance->cal();

适用场景

• 剥离调用者和实现的耦合
• 调用者、实现代码可以分开测试
• 案例： JDBC API & Driver

摘自： 网络PDF，来源已找不到