date命令

date --help

[root@localhost File]# date --help
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
  or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -d, --date=STRING         display time described by STRING, not 'now'      文字类型 tomorrow yesterday等 引号使用 根据字符串来显示日期与时间
  -f, --file=DATEFILE       like --date once for each line of DATEFILE   显示 DATEFILE 中每一行指定的时间, 如同将 DATEFILE 中的每行作为 --date 的参数一样
  -I[TIMESPEC], --iso-8601[=TIMESPEC]  output date/time in ISO 8601 format.  照 ISO-8601 的日期/时间格式输出时间.
TIMESPEC=`date' (或者不指定时)仅输出日期,等于 `hours', `minutes', 或`seconds' 时按照指定精度输出日期及时间.
                            TIMESPEC='date' for date only (the default),
                            'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', or 'ns' for date
                            and time to the indicated precision.
  -r, --reference=FILE      display the last modification time of FILE  显示 FILE 的最后修改时间
  -R, --rfc-2822            output date and time in RFC 2822 format.  根据 RFC-822 指定格式输出日期
                            Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
      --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC   output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
                            TIMESPEC='date', 'seconds', or 'ns' for
                            date and time to the indicated precision.
                            Date and time components are separated by
                            a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
  -s, --set=STRING          set time described by STRING  根据字符串来设置日期与时间
  -u, --utc, --universal    print or set Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)  显示或设置全球时间(格林威治时间)
      --help     顯示此求助說明並離開
      --version  顯示版本資訊並離開

时间格式
FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are:

  %%   a literal %
  %a   locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
  %A   locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
  %b   locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
  %B   locale's full month name (e.g., January)
  %c   locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)
  %C   century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
  %d   day of month (e.g., 01)
  %D   date; same as %m/%d/%y
  %e   day of month, space padded; same as %_d
  %F   full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
  %g   last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
  %G   year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
  %h   same as %b
  %H   hour (00..23)
  %I   hour (01..12)
  %j   day of year (001..366)
  %k   hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H
  %l   hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I
  %m   month (01..12)
  %M   minute (00..59)
  %n   a newline
  %N   nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
  %p   locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
  %P   like %p, but lower case
  %r   locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
  %R   24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
  %s   seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  %S   second (00..60)
  %t   a tab
  %T   time; same as %H:%M:%S
  %u   day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
  %U   week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
  %V   ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
  %w   day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
  %W   week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
  %x   locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
  %X   locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
  %y   last two digits of year (00..99)
  %Y   year
  %z   +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400)
  %:z  +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00)
  %::z  +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
  %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
  %Z   alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)


By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
The following optional flags may follow '%':

  -  (hyphen) do not pad the field
  _  (underscore) pad with spaces
  0  (zero) pad with zeros
  ^  use upper case if possible
  #  use opposite case if possible

After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.

Examples:
Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to a date
  $ date --date='@2147483647'

Show the time on the west coast of the US (use tzselect(1) to find TZ)
  $ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date

Show the local time for 9AM next Friday on the west coast of the US
  $ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report date translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'date invocation'

example:

[root@localhost File]# date
三 11月  1 09:01:52 EDT 2017
[root@localhost File]# date +%A%Y%m%d%H:%M
週三2017110109:05
[root@localhost File]# date +%A%a%b%B%c%C%e%F%g%G%n%N%p%P%r%R%s%S%t%T%u%U%V%w%W%x%X%z%:z%::z%:::z%Z%Y%m%d%H:%M%%
週三三11月十一月西元2017年11月01日 (週三) 09時09分07秒20 12017-11-01172017
304865262上午上午上午 09時09分07秒09:09150954174707	09:09:0734444344西元2017年11月01日09時09分07秒-0400-04:00-04:00:00-04EDT2017110109:09%

[root@localhost File]# date -d 'now'
三 11月  1 09:11:39 EDT 2017
[root@localhost File]# date -d 'tomorrow'
四 11月  2 09:11:49 EDT 2017
[root@localhost File]# date -d 'yesterday'
二 10月 31 09:12:02 EDT 2017

输出昨天的日期
[root@localhost File]# date -d "1 day ago" +"%Y-%m-%d"
2017-10-31

2秒后输出
[root@localhost File]# date -d "2 second" +"%Y-%m-%d"
2017-11-01

传说中1234567890秒
[root@localhost File]# date -d "1970-01-01 1234567890 second" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%m:%S"
2009-02-13 23:02:30

Apache 格式
[root@localhost File]# date -d "Dec 5, 2009 12:00:37 AM" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%m:%S"
2009-12-05 00:12:37

时间前置2年
[root@localhost File]# date -d "Dec 5, 2009 12:00:37 AM 2 year ago" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%m:%S"
2007-12-05 00:12:37

加减时间
[root@localhost File]# date -d "+1 year" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%m:%S"
2018-11-01 09:11:43

[root@localhost File]# date -d "-41 year" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%m:%S"
1976-11-01 08:11:01

设定时间
[root@localhost File]# date -s 20120523      设置具体时间为0:0:0
三  5月 23 00:00:00 EDT 2012
[root@localhost File]# date -s 01:01:01         设置具体时间
三  5月 23 01:01:01 EDT 2012
[root@localhost File]# date
三  5月 23 01:01:37 EDT 2012
[root@localhost File]# date -s "20171101 21:36:00"  设置全部时间
三 11月  1 21:36:00 EDT 2017


检查一组命令花费的时间
#！bin/bash

start=$(date + %s)
namp man.linuxde.net &> /dev/null

end = $(date + %s)
difference = $(end - start)
echo $difference second