Winpcap网络开发库入门

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/phinecos/archive/2008/10/20/1315176.html

同时可参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/cuish/p/4180632.html

Winpcap是一个强大的网络开发库，可以实现许多功能：获取可用的网络适配器；获取指定适配器信息（比如名称和描述信息）；捕获指定网卡的数据封包；发送数据封包；过滤捕获的包以获取特定包等。

     

      首先到http://www.winpcap.org/install/default.htm下载安装winpcap 驱动和DLL组件。


      然后到http://www.winpcap.org/devel.htm.下载winpcap开发包，解压到指定目录，这里我解压到C:\WpdPack_4_0_2\WpdPack，可以看到里面包含了：Lib,Include,文档和示例程序。




首先创建一个C++控制台程序，设置如下：

1）  在“Configuration Properties -> C/C++ -> General”中，在Additional Include Directories加入Include路径(“C:\WpdPack_4_0_2\WpdPack\Include”)。


2）  在 “Configuration Properties -> Linker -> General” 中，在Additional Library Directories中加入 winpcap 库文件路径 ( “C:\WpdPack_4_0_2\WpdPack\Lib” ) 。

3）  在“Configuration Properties -> Linker -> Input”中， Additional Dependencies 加入用到的两个winpcap 库文件（wpcap.lib and Packet.lib ) 。

4）  为了使用Winpcap的远程访问，必须在预处理器中加入HAVE_REMOTE

示例程序1  获取适配器列表
复制代码
#include <pcap.h>
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    pcap_if_t * allAdapters;//适配器列表
    pcap_if_t * adapter;
    char errorBuffer[ PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE ];//错误信息缓冲区
    if( pcap_findalldevs_ex( PCAP_SRC_IF_STRING, NULL,
                &allAdapters, errorBuffer ) == -1 )
    {//检索机器连接的所有网络适配器
        fprintf( stderr, "Error in pcap_findalldevs_ex function: %s\n", errorBuffer );
        return -1;
    }
    if( allAdapters == NULL )
    {//不存在人任何适配器
        printf( "\nNo adapters found! Make sure WinPcap is installed.\n" );
        return 0;
    }
    int crtAdapter = 0;
    for( adapter = allAdapters; adapter != NULL; adapter = adapter->next)
    {//遍历输入适配器信息(名称和描述信息)
        printf( "\n%d.%s ", ++crtAdapter, adapter->name );
        printf( "-- %s\n", adapter->description );
    }
    printf( "\n" );
    pcap_freealldevs( allAdapters );//释放适配器列表
    system( "PAUSE" );
    return 0;
}
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示例程序2 打开指定适配器并捕获数据包
复制代码
#include <pcap.h>
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    pcap_if_t * allAdapters;//适配器列表
    pcap_if_t * adapter;
    pcap_t           * adapterHandle;//适配器句柄
    struct pcap_pkthdr * packetHeader;
    const u_char       * packetData;
    char errorBuffer[ PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE ];//错误信息缓冲区
    if( pcap_findalldevs_ex( PCAP_SRC_IF_STRING, NULL,
                &allAdapters, errorBuffer ) == -1 )
    {//检索机器连接的所有网络适配器
        fprintf( stderr, "Error in pcap_findalldevs_ex function: %s\n", errorBuffer );
        return -1;
    }
    if( allAdapters == NULL )
    {//不存在任何适配器
        printf( "\nNo adapters found! Make sure WinPcap is installed.\n" );
        return 0;
    }
    int crtAdapter = 0;
    for( adapter = allAdapters; adapter != NULL; adapter = adapter->next)
    {//遍历输入适配器信息(名称和描述信息)
        printf( "\n%d.%s ", ++crtAdapter, adapter->name );
        printf( "-- %s\n", adapter->description );
    }
    printf( "\n" );
    //选择要捕获数据包的适配器
    int adapterNumber;
    printf( "Enter the adapter number between 1 and %d:", crtAdapter );
    scanf_s( "%d", &adapterNumber );
    if( adapterNumber < 1 || adapterNumber > crtAdapter )
    {
        printf( "\nAdapter number out of range.\n" );
        // 释放适配器列表
        pcap_freealldevs( allAdapters );
        return -1;
    }
    adapter = allAdapters;
    for( crtAdapter = 0; crtAdapter < adapterNumber - 1; crtAdapter++ )
    adapter = adapter->next;
    // 打开指定适配器
    adapterHandle = pcap_open( adapter->name, // name of the adapter
                               65536,         // portion of the packet to capture
                                              // 65536 guarantees that the whole
                          // packet will be captured
                               PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS, // promiscuous mode
                               1000,             // read timeout - 1 millisecond
                               NULL,          // authentication on the remote machine
                               errorBuffer    // error buffer
                              );
    if( adapterHandle == NULL )
    {//指定适配器打开失败
        fprintf( stderr, "\nUnable to open the adapter\n", adapter->name );
        // 释放适配器列表
        pcap_freealldevs( allAdapters );
        return -1;
    }
    printf( "\nCapture session started on  adapter %s\n", adapter->name );
    pcap_freealldevs( allAdapters );//释放适配器列表
    // 开始捕获数据包
    int retValue;
    while( ( retValue = pcap_next_ex( adapterHandle,
                      &packetHeader,
                      &packetData ) ) >= 0 )
    {
        // timeout elapsed if we reach this point
        if( retValue == 0 )
                continue;
        //打印捕获数据包的信息
        printf( "length of packet: %d\n", packetHeader->len );
    }
    // if we get here, there was an error reading the packets
    if( retValue == -1 )
    {
        printf( "Error reading the packets: %s\n", pcap_geterr( adapterHandle ) );
        return -1;
    }
    system( "PAUSE" );
    return 0;
}
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示例程序3 发送数据封包
复制代码
#include <pcap.h>
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    pcap_if_t * allAdapters;//适配器列表
    pcap_if_t * adapter;
    pcap_t           * adapterHandle;//适配器句柄
    u_char         packet[ 20 ]; //待发送的数据封包
    char errorBuffer[ PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE ];//错误信息缓冲区
    if( pcap_findalldevs_ex( PCAP_SRC_IF_STRING, NULL,
                &allAdapters, errorBuffer ) == -1 )
    {//检索机器连接的所有网络适配器
        fprintf( stderr, "Error in pcap_findalldevs_ex function: %s\n", errorBuffer );
        return -1;
    }
    if( allAdapters == NULL )
    {//不存在人任何适配器
        printf( "\nNo adapters found! Make sure WinPcap is installed.\n" );
        return 0;
    }
    int crtAdapter = 0;
    for( adapter = allAdapters; adapter != NULL; adapter = adapter->next)
    {//遍历输入适配器信息(名称和描述信息)
        printf( "\n%d.%s ", ++crtAdapter, adapter->name );
        printf( "-- %s\n", adapter->description );
    }
    printf( "\n" );
    //选择适配器
    int adapterNumber;
    printf( "Enter the adapter number between 1 and %d:", crtAdapter );
    scanf_s( "%d", &adapterNumber );
    if( adapterNumber < 1 || adapterNumber > crtAdapter )
    {
        printf( "\nAdapter number out of range.\n" );
        // 释放适配器列表
        pcap_freealldevs( allAdapters );
        return -1;
    }
    adapter = allAdapters;
    for( crtAdapter = 0; crtAdapter < adapterNumber - 1; crtAdapter++ )
    adapter = adapter->next;
    // 打开指定适配器
    adapterHandle = pcap_open( adapter->name, // name of the adapter
                               65536,         // portion of the packet to capture
                                              // 65536 guarantees that the whole
                          // packet will be captured
                               PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS, // promiscuous mode
                               1000,             // read timeout - 1 millisecond
                               NULL,          // authentication on the remote machine
                               errorBuffer    // error buffer
                              );
    if( adapterHandle == NULL )
    {//指定适配器打开失败
        fprintf( stderr, "\nUnable to open the adapter\n", adapter->name );
        // 释放适配器列表
        pcap_freealldevs( allAdapters );
        return -1;
    }
    pcap_freealldevs( allAdapters );//释放适配器列表
    //创建数据封包
    // 设置目标的MAC地址为01 : 01 : 01 : 01 : 01 : 01
    packet[0] = 0x01;
    packet[1] = 0x01;
    packet[2] = 0x01;
    packet[3] = 0x01;
    packet[4] = 0x01;
    packet[5] = 0x01;
    // 设置源的MAC地址为02 : 02 : 02 : 02 : 02 : 02
    packet[6]  = 0x02;
    packet[7]  = 0x02;
    packet[8]  = 0x02;
    packet[9]  = 0x02;
    packet[10] = 0x02;
    packet[11] = 0x02;
    // 设置封包其他部分内容
    for( int index = 12; index < 20; index++ )
    {
        packet[index] = 0xC4;
    }
    //发送数据封包
    if( pcap_sendpacket( adapterHandle, // the adapter handle
             packet, // the packet
             20 // the length of the packet
               ) != 0 )
    {
        fprintf( stderr,"\nError sending the packet: \n", pcap_geterr( adapterHandle ) );
        return -1;
    }
    system( "PAUSE" );
    return 0;
}