Hibernate入门

首先介绍一下hibernate的好处（为什么用hibernate）.
hibernate的优点有很多，这里我只介绍四种：
× 提高生产率
× 解决阻抗不匹配的问题，及数据库是关系型的，而我们java是一种面向对象的语言
（O-R）
× 移植性好
× 持久透明化，我们的持久对象不需要继承hibernate的类或实现hibernate任何接口


1.新建一个java项目，并在项目中加入Hibernate的依赖库
[quote]
* HIBERNATE_HOME/hibernate3.jar
* HIBERNATE_HOME/lib/*.jar
[/quote]

2.在项目的src目录下创建一个hibernate.cfg.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate_first</property>
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<!-- 是否显示执行的sql语句 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 显示执行的sql语句是否格式化 -->
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 是否自动创建表，参数详见HIBERNATE_HOME/etc/hibernate.properties文件 -->
		<!--
			<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
		-->
		<mapping resource="com/yx/zzg/pojo/User.hbm.xml" />
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3.创建实体对象User.java

package com.yx.zzg.pojo;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {

	private String id;

	private String username;

	private String password;

	private Date createTime;

	private Date endTime;

	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public Date getCreateTime() {
		return createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}

	public Date getEndTime() {
		return endTime;
	}

	public void setEndTime(Date endTime) {
		this.endTime = endTime;
	}
}

4.配置ORM映射文件User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.yx.zzg.pojo">
	<class name="User" table="t_user">
		<id name="id">
			<!-- 指定主键生成策略 -->
			<generator class="uuid" />
		</id>
		<property name="username" unique-key="true" />
		<property name="password" />
		<property name="createTime" />
		<property name="endTime" />
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

5.编写根据配置文件生成表的类ExportDB.java

package com.yx.zzg.util;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;

public class ExportDB {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//读取hibernate.cfg.xml文件
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(cfg);
		export.create(true, true);
	}
}

6.编写创建SessionFactory及获取Session的工具类

package com.yx.zzg.util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {
	// 一个数据库对应一个SessionFactory，因此SessionFactory只需要实例化一次
        // SessionFactory是线程安全的，多个线程同时使用不会有影响
        // SessionFactory可以管理二级缓存
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;

	private HibernateUtil() {

	}

	static {
		// 读取Hibernate.cfg.xml文件。单纯的new 一个Configuration，
		// 默认加载的是classpath中的配置文件hibernate.properties，
		// configure()方法用于告诉Hibernate加载classpath中hibernate.cfg.xml文件
		// 如果配置文件不在classpath根目录下或配置文件名称不叫hibernate.cfg.xml，可以在
		// configure()方法中加入参数
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
	}

	/**
	 * 获取Session
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Session getSession() {
		return sessionFactory.openSession();
	}

}

7.编写数据操作接口

package com.yx.zzg.dao;

import java.util.List;

import com.yx.zzg.pojo.User;

public interface UserDao {

	/**
	 * 根据主键ID查询并返回一个对象
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public User findUserById(int id);

	/**
	 * 根据非主键查询并返回一个对象，参数在数据库中必须是唯一的
	 * @param name
	 * @return
	 */
	public User findUserByName(String name);

	/**
	 * 删除
	 * @param user
	 */
	public void remove(User user);

	/**
	 * 保存
	 * @param user
	 */
	public void saveUser(User user);

	/**
	 * 更新
	 * @param user
	 */
	public void updateUser(User user);

	/**
	 * 分页查询，并返回一个list
	 * @param name
	 * @param firstResult
	 * @param maxResult
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<User> findUserByName1(String name,int firstResult,int maxResult);

}

8.编写数据操作类

package com.yx.zzg.dao.impl;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;

import com.yx.zzg.dao.UserDao;
import com.yx.zzg.pojo.User;
import com.yx.zzg.util.HibernateUtil;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

	@Override
	public User findUserById(int id) {
                //Session是非线程安全的，多个线程同时使用同一个Session会产生问题
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			User user = (User) session.get(User.class, id);
			return user;
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public User findUserByName(String name) {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			Query q = session
					.createQuery("from User user where user.username=:name");
			q.setString("name", name);
			User user = (User) q.uniqueResult();
			return user;
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void remove(User user) {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.delete(user);
			tx.commit();
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			tx.rollback();
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void saveUser(User user) {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.save(user);
			tx.commit();
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			tx.rollback();
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void updateUser(User user) {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.update(user);
			tx.commit();
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			tx.rollback();
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public List<User> findUserByName1(String name, int firstResult,
			int maxResult) {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class).add(
					Restrictions.eq("name", name));
			c.setFirstResult(firstResult);
			c.setMaxResults(maxResult);
			List<User> list = c.list();
			return list;
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

}