requests库

一、安装库

[root@node-2 ~]# pip3 install requests

二、request库的基本使用

1.简单的get请求

#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests

url = 'http://www.baidu.com'

response = requests.get(url)
print(response)
print(response.status_code)

2.status_code状态码

#这里response 的结果是状态码和准确的状态码
[root@node-2 ~]# ./test.py 
<Response [200]>
200

3.text 返回结果参数

此结果打印出来的中文乱码，如果字符集不是utf-8的就会乱码

response = requests.get(url)
response.encoding = 'utf-8'
print(response.text)

4.打印结果文本的字符集

print (response.encoding)

[root@node-2 ~]# ./test.py 
ISO-8859-1

5.content获取bytes类型的报文实体

decode将content文本流转换成了utf-8.(解码)

print (response.content.decode('utf-8'))

6.查看请求头

print(response.request.headers)

7.封装请求头

在本机安装了nginx服务。

自定义了日志格式，这里引用了python客户端自定义的header name和age
log_format  main '$remote_addr - $status - $http_user_agent $http_name $http_age';

引用一下自定义格式的日志
access_log logs/access.log main;

url = 'http://127.0.0.1'
headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36",
        "name": "zhangsan",
        "age": "100"
}
response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)

print(response.content.decode('utf-8'))

请求结果：这里看到了自定义封装的header头部中的3个参数

127.0.0.1 - 200 - Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36 zhangsan 100
127.0.0.1 - 200 - Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36 zhangsan 100
127.0.0.1 - 200 - Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36 zhangsan 100

二、发送POST请求

data就是传递给服务器的参数

import requests

url = 'http://127.0.0.1'

params = {
        "username": "zhangsan",
        "password": "123"
}

response = requests.post(url,data=params)