1. OAM涡旋光束生成
1.1 拉盖尔-高斯(LG)光束的复振幅表达式:
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U_{pl}^{LG}=A_{LG}\times \sqrt{\frac{2p!}{\pi (p+|l|)!}}\frac{1}{w(z)}\left[\frac{r\sqrt{2}}{w(z)}\right]^{|l|}L_{p}^{|l|}\left[\frac{2r^2}{w^2(z)}\right]\times exp\left[\frac{-r^2}{w^2(z)} \right]\times exp\left[\frac{-ikr^2z}{2 (z^2+z_R^2)} \right]exp\left[i(2p+|l|+1)tan^{-1}\frac{z}{z_R} \right]exp(-il\phi)
UplLG=ALG×π(p+∣l∣)!2p!w(z)1[w(z)r2]∣l∣Lp∣l∣[w2(z)2r2]×exp[w2(z)−r2]×exp[2(z2+zR2)−ikr2z]exp[i(2p+∣l∣+1)tan−1zRz]exp(−ilϕ)
其中
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(r,\phi,z)
(r,ϕ,z)为柱坐标参数,
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A_{LG}
ALG为振幅,
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l为OAM模式值,表示空间相位的变化,
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p为径向指数,
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w(z)=w_0\sqrt{1+(z/z_R)^2}
w(z)=w01+(z/zR)2是LG光束在
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z处的束腰半径,
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w0是基模高斯光束在
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z=0处的束腰半径,
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w_0=\pi w_0^2/\lambda
w0=πw02/λ是瑞丽距离,
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λ为光束波长,
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k=2\pi /\lambda
k=2π/λ是光束的波数,
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(2p+∣l∣+1)tan−1zRz是Gouy相位,
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L_{p}^{|l|}
Lp∣l∣为归一化的拉盖尔多项式,其表达式为:
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L_{p}^{|l|}=(-1)^{|l|}\frac{d^{|l|}}{dx^{|l|}}L_{p+|l|}(x)
Lp∣l∣=(−1)∣l∣dx∣l∣d∣l∣Lp+∣l∣(x)
1.2 代码
1.2.1 文件"generate_OAM.m"
function result = generate_OAM(mode, w0, z, p, lanbda,X,Y)
k = 2*pi/lanbda; %波数
Z_R = pi*w0^2/lanbda; %瑞利长度
w_z = w0*sqrt(1+(z/Z_R)^2); %光束在z位置的半径
[theta,r] = cart2pol(X,Y);
if mode == 0
result = zeros(1000);
else
result = sqrt(2*factorial(p)/pi/(p+factorial(abs(mode))))*...
(1/w_z)*(sqrt(2)*r/w_z).^abs(mode).*exp(-r.^2/w_z^2).*...
laguerre(p,abs(mode),2*r.^2/w_z^2).*exp(-1i*mode*theta).*...
exp(-1i*k*z).*exp(-1i*k*r.^2*z/2/(z^2+Z_R^2))*...
exp(-1i*(2*p+abs(mode)+1)*atan(z/Z_R));
end
end
1.2.2 文件"laguerre.m"
%% 拉盖尔多项式
function result = laguerre(p,l,x)
result = 0;
if p == 0
result = 1;
elseif p == 1
result = 1+abs(l)-x;
else
result = (1/p)*((2*p+l-1-x).*laguerre(p-1,abs(l),x)-(p+l-1)*laguerre(p-2,abs(l),x));
end
end
1.2.3 文件"beam_parameter.m"
function [lambda,k,z,w0,x,y] = beam_parameter(N)
lambda = 0.532e-6;
k = 2 * pi / lambda; %波数
z = 0;
w0 = 0.005;
T0 = 4;
R1 = T0 * w0; %范围
x = linspace(-R1, R1, N);
y = linspace(-R1, R1, N);
end
1.3 示例
clc; clear;
N = 1000;
[lambda,k,z,w0,x,y] = beam_parameter(N);
%产生OAM光束
beam = generate_OAM(1,w0,0,0,lambda,x,y) + generate_OAM(4,w0,0,0,lambda,x,y);
%显示光强
figure();
imagesc(x,y,abs(beam).^2)
colormap gray;
axis off;
2. 夫琅禾费远场衍射
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U(x,y)=\frac{exp(ikz)}{i\lambda z}\cdot exp\left[i\frac{k}{2z}(x^2+y^2) \right]\cdot F\left[u(\xi,\eta)\times t(\xi,\eta) \right]
U(x,y)=iλzexp(ikz)⋅exp[i2zk(x2+y2)]⋅F[u(ξ,η)×t(ξ,η)]
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(x,y)为坐标平面,
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F(\cdot)
F(⋅)为傅立叶变换,
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u(ξ,η)为光束光场,
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t(\xi,\eta)
t(ξ,η)为光栅透过率函数.
3. 闪耀型径向相位光栅
3.1 光栅透过率函数
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t(\theta)=exp(i2\pi \theta /P)
t(θ)=exp(i2πθ/P)
其中,
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P是光栅角向周期,
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θ为方位角.
3.2 代码
%%光栅检测法 —— 闪耀型径向相位光栅 (单位:mm)
clc; clear;
N = 2000;
%定义光栅及光束平面
dxs = 10e-3; dys = dxs; %光源平面采样间隔
R1 = dxs*N/2; %范围
x = linspace(-R1/2, R1/2, N);
y = linspace(-R1/2, R1/2, N);
[X, Y] = meshgrid(x, y);
L = R1/20*26; %光束偏离中心的距离
theta =atan2(Y, X+L); %角度
z0 = 5e3; %观察屏与光栅的距离
%涡旋光束参数
lambda = 532.8e-6; %波长
k=2*pi/lambda; %波数
z = 0; w0 = 0.232; p = 0;
%定义观察屏平面
R2 = lambda*z0/dxs; %范围
a = linspace(-R2/2, R2/2, N);
b = linspace(-R2/2, R2/2, N);
[A, B] = meshgrid(a, b);
%产生闪耀型径向相位光栅
P = 0.001;
grating = exp(1i*2*pi*theta/P); %由透过率函数得出
%产生涡旋光束
mode = -5; %光束模态, 拓扑荷数
beam1 = generate_OAM(mode, w0, z, p, lambda, X, Y);
%夫琅禾费积分衍射
U1 = fftshift(fft2(grating.*beam1)); %傅里叶变换法
U1 = U1.*dxs*dys; %补偿连续傅里叶变换和FFT差值
U1 = U1.*exp(1i*k./(2*z0).*(A.^2+B.^2)).*exp(1i*k*z0)./(1i*z0*lambda);
figure('Name','衍射光斑');
imagesc(abs(U1).^2);
title(['l=' num2str(mode)]);
colormap hot;
axis off;
4. Reference
- 张国文. 基于机器学习的轨道角动量键控仿真研究[D]. 杭州电子科技大学, 2022.
- 陈瑞山. 涡旋光束的高效产生与检测. 2018. 中国科学技术大学, PhD dissertation.