1. Struts2架构图
这是Struts2官方站点提供的Struts 2 的整体结构。
2. Struts2部分类介绍
这部分从Struts2参考文档中翻译就可以了。
ActionMapper
ActionProxy&ActionInvocation
ConfigurationProvider&Configuration
3. Struts2请求流程
1、客户端发送请求
2、请求先通过ActionContextCleanUp-->FilterDispatcher
3、FilterDispatcher通过ActionMapper来决定这个Request需要调用哪个Action
4、如果ActionMapper决定调用某个Action,FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy,这儿已经转到它的Delegate--Dispatcher来执行
5、ActionProxy根据ActionMapping和ConfigurationManager找到需要调用的Action类
6、ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例
7、ActionInvocation调用真正的Action,当然这涉及到相关拦截器的调用
8、Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation创建Result并返回,当然,如果要在返回之前做些什么,可以实现PreResultListener。添加PreResultListener可以在Interceptor中实现。
另一个版本:大同小异~
一个请求在Struts2框架中的处理大概分为以下几个步骤:
1.客户端提起一个(HttpServletRequest)请求,如上文在浏览器中输入”http://localhost:8080/TestMvc/add.action”就是提起一个(HttpServletRequest)请求。
2.请求被提交到一系列(主要是三层)的过滤器(Filter),如(ActionContextCleanUp、其他过滤器(SiteMesh等)、 FilterDispatcher)。注意这里是有顺序的,先ActionContextCleanUp,再其他过滤器(SiteMesh等)、最后到 FilterDispatcher。
3.FilterDispatcher是控制器的核心,就是mvc中c控制层的核心。下面粗略的分析下我理解的FilterDispatcher工作流程和原理:FilterDispatcher进行初始化并启用核心doFilter
其代码如下:
- public
void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException ...{ -
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; -
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; -
ServletContext servletContext = filterConfig.getServletContext(); -
// 在这里处理了HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse。 -
DispatcherUtils du = DispatcherUtils.getInstance(); -
du.prepare(request, response);//正如这个方法名字一样进行locale、encoding以及特殊request parameters设置 -
try ...{ -
request = du.wrapRequest(request, servletContext);//对request进行包装 -
} catch (IOException e) ...{ -
String message = "Could not wrap servlet request with MultipartRequestWrapper!"; -
LOG.error(message, e); -
throw new ServletException(message, e); -
} -
ActionMapperIF mapper = ActionMapperFactory.getMapper();//得到action的mapper -
ActionMapping mapping = mapper.getMapping(request);// 得到action 的 mapping -
if (mapping == null) ...{ -
// there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource? -
String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request); -
if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) ...{ -
resourcePath = request.getPathInfo(); -
} -
if ("true".equals(Configuration.get(WebWorkConstants.WEBWORK_SERVE_STATIC_CONTENT)) -
&& resourcePath.startsWith("/webwork")) ...{ -
String name = resourcePath.substring("/webwork".length()); -
findStaticResource(name, response); -
} else ...{ -
// this is a normal request, let it pass through -
chain.doFilter(request, response); -
} -
// WW did its job here -
return; -
} -
Object o = null; -
try ...{ -
//setupContainer(request); -
o = beforeActionInvocation(request, servletContext); -
//整个框架最最核心的方法,下面分析 -
du.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping); -
} finally ...{ -
afterActionInvocation(request, servletContext, o); -
ActionContext.setContext(null); -
} -
} - du.serviceAction(request,
response, servletContext, mapping); - //这个方法询问ActionMapper是否需要调用某个Action来处理这个(request)请求,如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action,FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy
- public
void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String namespace, String actionName, Map requestMap, Map parameterMap, Map sessionMap, Map applicationMap) ...{ -
HashMap extraContext = createContextMap(requestMap, parameterMap, sessionMap, applicationMap, request, response, getServletConfig()); //实例化Map请求 ,询问ActionMapper是否需要调用某个Action来处理这个(request)请求 -
extraContext.put(SERVLET_DISPATCHER, this); -
OgnlValueStack stack = (OgnlValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY); -
if (stack != null) ...{ -
extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK,new OgnlValueStack(stack)); -
} -
try ...{ -
ActionProxy proxy = ActionProxyFactory.getFactory().createActionProxy(namespace, actionName, extraContext); - //这里actionName是通过两道getActionName解析出来的,
FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy,下面是ServletDispatcher的 TODO: -
request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack()); -
proxy.execute(); -
//通过代理模式执行ActionProxy -
if (stack != null)...{ -
request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY,stack); -
} -
} catch (ConfigurationException e) ...{ -
log.error("Could not find action", e); -
sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e); -
} catch (Exception e) ...{ -
log.error("Could not execute action", e); -
sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e); -
} - }
4.FilterDispatcher询问ActionMapper是否需要调用某个Action来处理这个(request)请求,如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action,FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy。
5.ActionProxy通过Configuration Manager(struts.xml)询问框架的配置文件,找到需要调用的Action类.
如上文的struts.xml配置
- <?xml
version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?> -
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> -
<struts> -
<include file="struts-default.xml"/> -
<package name="struts2" extends="struts-default"> -
<action name="add" -
class="edisundong.AddAction" > -
<result>add.jsp</result> -
</action> -
</package> -
</struts>
如果提交请求的是add.action,那么找到的Action类就是edisundong.AddAction。
6.ActionProxy 创建一个ActionInvocation的实例,同时ActionInvocation通过代理模式调用Action。但在调用之前 ActionInvocation会根据配置加载Action相关的所有Interceptor。(Interceptor是struts2另一个核心级的概念)
下面我们来看看ActionInvocation是如何工作的:
ActionInvocation 是Xworks 中Action 调度的核心。而对Interceptor 的调度,也正是由ActionInvocation负责。ActionInvocation 是一个接口,而DefaultActionInvocation 则是Webwork 对ActionInvocation的默认实现。
Interceptor 的调度流程大致如下:
1. ActionInvocation初始化时,根据配置,加载Action相关的所有Interceptor。
2. 通过ActionInvocation.invoke方法调用Action实现时,执行Interceptor。
Interceptor将很多功能从我们的Action中独立出来,大量减少了我们Action的代码,独立出来的行为具有很好的重用性。XWork、 WebWork的许多功能都是有Interceptor实现,可以在配置文件中组装Action用到的Interceptor,它会按照你指定的顺序,在 Action执行前后运行。
那么什么是拦截器。
拦截器就是AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming)的一种实现。(AOP是指用于在某个方法或字段被访问之前,进行拦截然后在之前或之后加入某些操作。)
拦截器的例子这里就不展开了。
struts-default.xml文件摘取的内容:
- <
interceptor name ="alias" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="autowiring" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringIntercep tor" /> - <
interceptor name ="chain" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="conversionError" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInt erceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="createSession" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor " /> - <
interceptor name ="debugging" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="external-ref" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExternalReferencesInterc eptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="execAndWait" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitIntercepto r" /> - <
interceptor name ="exception" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingIntercep tor" /> - <
interceptor name ="fileUpload" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="i18n" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="logger" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="model-driven" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="scoped-model-driven" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterce ptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="params" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="prepare" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="static-params" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersIntercep tor" /> - <
interceptor name ="scope" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="servlet-config" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor " /> - <
interceptor name ="sessionAutowiring" class ="org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiring Interceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="timer" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="token" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="token-session" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterce ptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="validation" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="workflow" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowIntercept or" /> - <
interceptor name ="store" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="checkbox" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" /> - <
interceptor name ="profiling" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInter ceptor" />
7.一旦Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation负责根据struts.xml中的配置找到对应的返回结果。如上文中将结构返回“add.jsp”,但大部分时候都是返回另外一个action,那么流程又得走一遍………企业网站源码下载