Elasticsearch 7.3.0 翻译 - 《Getting started with Elasticsearch》搜索数据

聚合搜索

聚合提供了从数据中分组和提取统计信息的能力。考虑聚合最简单的方法是大致将其等同于SQL Group By和SQL聚合函数。在ElasticSearch中，您可以执行返回点击数的搜索，同时返回与点击数分离的聚合结果。从某种意义上说，这是非常强大和高效的，您可以运行查询和多个聚合，并一次性获得这两个（或任何一个）操作的结果，避免使用简洁和简化的API进行网络往返。

首先，此示例按状态对所有帐户进行分组，然后返回按计数降序排序的前10个（默认）状态（也是默认值）：

GET /bank/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_state": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "state.keyword"
      }
    }
  }
}
-----------------------------------
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/bank/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{  "size": 0,  "aggs": {    "group_by_state": {      "terms": {        "field": "state.keyword"      }    }  }}'

在SQL中，上述聚合的概念类似于：

SELECT state, COUNT(*) FROM bank GROUP BY state ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC LIMIT 10;

以及响应（部分显示）：

{
  "took": 29,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits" : {
     "total" : {
        "value": 1000,
        "relation": "eq"
     },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "group_by_state" : {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 20,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 770,
      "buckets" : [ {
        "key" : "ID",
        "doc_count" : 27
      }, {
        "key" : "TX",
        "doc_count" : 27
      }, {
        "key" : "AL",
        "doc_count" : 25
      }, {
        "key" : "MD",
        "doc_count" : 25
      }, {
        "key" : "TN",
        "doc_count" : 23
      }, {
        "key" : "MA",
        "doc_count" : 21
      }, {
        "key" : "NC",
        "doc_count" : 21
      }, {
        "key" : "ND",
        "doc_count" : 21
      }, {
        "key" : "ME",
        "doc_count" : 20
      }, {
        "key" : "MO",
        "doc_count" : 20
      } ]
    }
  }
}

我们可以看到，ID（爱达荷州）有27个账户，德克萨斯州有27个账户，阿拉巴马州有25个账户，以此类推。

请注意，我们将size=0设置为不显示搜索结果，因为我们只希望在响应中看到聚合结果。

基于前面的聚合，此示例按状态计算平均帐户余额（同样，仅针对按计数降序排序的前10个状态）：

GET /bank/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_state": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "state.keyword"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "average_balance": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "balance"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
----------------------------
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/bank/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{  "size": 0,  "aggs": {    "group_by_state": {      "terms": {        "field": "state.keyword"      },      "aggs": {        "average_balance": {          "avg": {            "field": "balance"          }        }      }    }  }}'

请注意，我们如何将平均余额聚合嵌套在组内。这是所有聚合的通用模式。可以在聚合中任意嵌套聚合，以从数据中提取所需的透视汇总。

基于前面的聚合，现在让我们按降序对平均余额进行排序：

GET /bank/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_state": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "state.keyword",
        "order": {
          "average_balance": "desc"
        }
      },
      "aggs": {
        "average_balance": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "balance"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
---------------------------------------------
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/bank/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{  "size": 0,  "aggs": {    "group_by_state": {      "terms": {        "field": "state.keyword",        "order": {          "average_balance": "desc"        }      },      "aggs": {        "average_balance": {          "avg": {            "field": "balance"          }        }      }    }  }}'

这个例子演示了我们如何按年龄段（20-29岁、30-39岁和40-49岁）分组，然后按性别分组，最后得到每个年龄段每个性别的平均帐户余额：

GET /bank/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_age": {
      "range": {
        "field": "age",
        "ranges": [
          {
            "from": 20,
            "to": 30
          },
          {
            "from": 30,
            "to": 40
          },
          {
            "from": 40,
            "to": 50
          }
        ]
      },
      "aggs": {
        "group_by_gender": {
          "terms": {
            "field": "gender.keyword"
          },
          "aggs": {
            "average_balance": {
              "avg": {
                "field": "balance"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
------------------------------------------------
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/bank/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{  "size": 0,  "aggs": {    "group_by_age": {      "range": {        "field": "age",        "ranges": [          {            "from": 20,            "to": 30          },          {            "from": 30,            "to": 40          },          {            "from": 40,            "to":50          }        ]      },      "aggs": {        "group_by_gender": {          "terms": {            "field": "gender.keyword"          },          "aggs": {            "average_banlance": {              "avg": {                "field": "balance"              }            }          }        }      }    }  }}'

还有许多其他的聚合功能，我们在这里不详细介绍。如果您想做进一步的实验，《aggregations reference guide 》是一个很好的起点。