mysql多表查询之综合练习

一.练习

1.查询每个部门最新入职的员工信息

  • 准备表,并插入数据
create database emp_dep;
use emp_dep
create table emp(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    emp_name varchar(16) not null,
    sex enum("male","female") default "male",
    age int unsigned not null,
    entry_date date not null,
    post varchar(20),
    post_des varchar(100) default "暂无说明...",
    salary float(10,2),
    office int,
    dep_id int
);
insert emp(emp_name,sex,age,entry_date,post,salary,office,dep_id) value
    ("shawn","male",23,'20190804','TE',5100.5,324,1),     # 测试工程师
    ('start','male',18,'20170301','TE',7300.33,401,1),
    ('Ann','male',78,'20150302','TE',1000000.31,401,1),
    ('Bella','male',81,'20130305','TE',8300,401,1),
    ('tony','male',73,'20140701','TE',3500,401,1),
    ('Alice','male',28,'20121101','TE',2100,401,1),
    ('jack','female',18,'20110211','ST',9000,401,2),      # 系统工程师
    ('Cara','male',18,'19000301','ST',30000,401,2),
    ('Hedy','male',48,'20101111','ST',10000,401,2),
    ('Dora','female',48,'20150311','ST',3000.13,402,2),
    ('Sam','female',38,'20101101','ST',2000.35,402,2),
    ('Otis','female',18,'20110312','CFT',1000.37,402,3),  # 程式测试工程师
    ('Ray','female',18,'20160513','CFT',3000.29,402,3),
    ('Chris','female',28,'20170127','CFT',4000.33,402,3),
    ('Summer','male',28,'20160311','CFT',10000.13,403,3),
    ('Rub','male',18,'19970312','CFT',20000,403,3),
    ('Luck','female',18,'20130311','HR',19000,403,4),     # 人力资源
    ('Bob','male',18,'20150411','HR',18000,403,4),
    ('Tom','female',18,'20140512','HR',17000,403,4);
  • 使用链表查询
select * from emp 
    inner join 
    (select id,post,max(entry_date) from emp 
        group by post 
        having max(entry_date))as t2 
        on emp.id=t2.id;

image-20210222221304862

  • 使用子查询
select * from emp as t3 
    where id in 
    (select 
        (select id from emp as t2 
            where t2.post=t1.post 
            order by entry_date desc 
            limit 1)  # 显示一条记录(如果两个员工同时入职就不准确)
        from emp as t1 
        group by post);

image-20210222224903268

二.综合练习

1.题目

1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
2、查询学生表中男女生各有多少人
3、查询物理成绩等于100的学生的姓名
4、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩
5、查询所有学生的学号,姓名,选课数,总成绩
6、查询姓李老师的个数
7、查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名
8、查询物理课程比生物课程高的学生的学号
9、查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名
10、查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
11、查询选修了所有课程的学生姓名
12、查询李平老师教的课程的所有成绩记录
13、查询全部学生都选修了的课程号和课程名
14、查询每门课程被选修的次数
15、查询之选修了一门课程的学生姓名和学号
16、查询所有学生考出的成绩并按从高到低排序(成绩去重)
17、查询平均成绩大于85的学生姓名和平均成绩
18、查询生物成绩不及格的学生姓名和对应生物分数
19、查询在所有选修了李平老师课程的学生中,这些课程(李平老师的课程,不是所有课程)平均成绩最高的学生姓名
20、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名学生姓名
21、查询没学过“李平”老师课程的学生姓名以及选修的课程名称

2.创建表

  • 将下面数据复制到一个文件中, 以**“sql”**为后缀
/*
 数据导入:
 Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : localhost
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 50624
 Source Host           : localhost
 Source Database       : sqlexam

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 50624
 File Encoding         : utf-8

 Date: 10/21/2016 06:46:46 AM
*/

SET NAMES utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `class`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;
CREATE TABLE `class` (
  `cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `caption` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `class`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('1', '三年二班'), ('2', '三年三班'), ('3', '一年二班'), ('4', '二年九班');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `course`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`;
CREATE TABLE `course` (
  `cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  `teacher_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`),
  KEY `fk_course_teacher` (`teacher_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_course_teacher` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `course`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('1', '生物', '1'), ('2', '物理', '2'), ('3', '体育', '3'), ('4', '美术', '2');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `score`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`;
CREATE TABLE `score` (
  `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `student_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `course_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `num` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
  KEY `fk_score_student` (`student_id`),
  KEY `fk_score_course` (`course_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_score_course` FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `course` (`cid`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_score_student` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`sid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=53 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `score`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('1', '1', '1', '10'), ('2', '1', '2', '9'), ('5', '1', '4', '66'), ('6', '2', '1', '8'), ('8', '2', '3', '68'), ('9', '2', '4', '99'), ('10', '3', '1', '77'), ('11', '3', '2', '66'), ('12', '3', '3', '87'), ('13', '3', '4', '99'), ('14', '4', '1', '79'), ('15', '4', '2', '11'), ('16', '4', '3', '67'), ('17', '4', '4', '100'), ('18', '5', '1', '79'), ('19', '5', '2', '11'), ('20', '5', '3', '67'), ('21', '5', '4', '100'), ('22', '6', '1', '9'), ('23', '6', '2', '100'), ('24', '6', '3', '67'), ('25', '6', '4', '100'), ('26', '7', '1', '9'), ('27', '7', '2', '100'), ('28', '7', '3', '67'), ('29', '7', '4', '88'), ('30', '8', '1', '9'), ('31', '8', '2', '100'), ('32', '8', '3', '67'), ('33', '8', '4', '88'), ('34', '9', '1', '91'), ('35', '9', '2', '88'), ('36', '9', '3', '67'), ('37', '9', '4', '22'), ('38', '10', '1', '90'), ('39', '10', '2', '77'), ('40', '10', '3', '43'), ('41', '10', '4', '87'), ('42', '11', '1', '90'), ('43', '11', '2', '77'), ('44', '11', '3', '43'), ('45', '11', '4', '87'), ('46', '12', '1', '90'), ('47', '12', '2', '77'), ('48', '12', '3', '43'), ('49', '12', '4', '87'), ('52', '13', '3', '87');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `student`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
  `class_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `sname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
  KEY `fk_class` (`class_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_class` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `class` (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=17 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `student`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', '男', '1', '理解'), ('2', '女', '1', '钢蛋'), ('3', '男', '1', '张三'), ('4', '男', '1', '张一'), ('5', '女', '1', '张二'), ('6', '男', '1', '张四'), ('7', '女', '2', '铁锤'), ('8', '男', '2', '李三'), ('9', '男', '2', '李一'), ('10', '女', '2', '李二'), ('11', '男', '2', '李四'), ('12', '女', '3', '如花'), ('13', '男', '3', '刘三'), ('14', '男', '3', '刘一'), ('15', '女', '3', '刘二'), ('16', '男', '3', '刘四');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
  `tid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `tname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', '张磊老师'), ('2', '李平老师'), ('3', '刘海燕老师'), ('4', '朱云海老师'), ('5', '李杰老师');
COMMIT;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

image-20210222230124249

  • class_tea_stu_sou.sql 中直接导入数据
create database cla_stu_tea;
use cla_stu_tea
source J:\MySql\mysql-5.6.48-winx64\data\sql_file\class_tea_stu_sou.sql  # 这里填的是文件路径

image-20210222230413461

3.题解

  • 1.查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
SELECT
	course.cname,
	teacher.tname 
FROM
	course
	INNER JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid;
  • 2.查询学生表中男女生各有多少人
SELECT
	gender,
	count( sid ) 
FROM
	student 
GROUP BY
	gender;
  • 3.查询物理成绩等于100的学生的姓名
SELECT
	sname 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	sid IN ( SELECT student_id FROM score WHERE course_id = ( SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname = "物理" ) AND num = 100 );
  • 4.查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩
SELECT
	sname,
	t1.avg_num 
FROM
	student
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT student_id, avg( num ) AS avg_num FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING avg( num )> 80 ) AS t1 ON student.sid = t1.student_id;
  • 5.查询所有学生的学号,姓名,选课数,总成绩
SELECT
	student.sid,
	sname,
	count( course_id ),
	sum( num ) 
FROM
	student
	LEFT JOIN score ON student.sid = score.student_id 
GROUP BY
	student.sid;
  • 6.查询姓李老师的个数
SELECT
	count( tid ) 
FROM
	teacher 
WHERE
	tname LIKE "李%";
  • 7.查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名
SELECT
	sname 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	student.sid NOT IN (
	SELECT DISTINCT
		student_id 
	FROM
		score 
	WHERE
		course_id IN (
		SELECT
			cid 
		FROM
			course 
	WHERE
	teacher_id IN ( SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname = "李平老师" )));
  • 8.查询物理课程分比生物课程分高的学生的学号
SELECT
	t2.student_id 
FROM
	(
	SELECT
		student_id,
		course_id,
		num 
	FROM
		score 
	WHERE
	course_id = ( SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname = "生物" )) AS t1
	INNER JOIN (
	SELECT
		student_id,
		course_id,
		num 
	FROM
		score 
	WHERE
	course_id = ( SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname = "物理" )) AS t2 ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id 
	AND t2.num > t1.num;
  • 9.查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名
SELECT
	sname 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	student.sid NOT IN (
	SELECT
		t1.student_id 
	FROM
		(
		SELECT
			* 
		FROM
			score 
		WHERE
		course_id = ( SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname = "物理" )) AS t1
		INNER JOIN (
		SELECT
			* 
		FROM
			score 
		WHERE
		course_id = ( SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname = "体育" )) AS t2 ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id 
	);
  • 10.查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
SELECT sname,( SELECT caption FROM class WHERE class.cid = student.class_id ) 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	student.sid = (
	SELECT
		t1.student_id 
	FROM
		( SELECT * FROM score WHERE num < 60 ) AS t1 
	GROUP BY
		t1.student_id 
	HAVING
	count( t1.course_id )>= 2 
	);
  • 11.查询选修了所有课程的学生姓名
SELECT
	sname 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	student.sid IN ( SELECT student_id FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING count( course_id )= 4 );
  • 12.查询李平老师教的课程的所有成绩记录
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	score 
WHERE
	course_id IN (
	SELECT
		cid 
	FROM
		course 
WHERE
	teacher_id IN ( SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname = "李平老师" ));
  • 13.查询全部学生都选修了的课程号和课程名
SELECT
	cid,
	cname 
FROM
	course 
WHERE
	cid IN (
	SELECT
		course_id 
	FROM
		score 
	GROUP BY
		course_id 
HAVING
	count( student_id )> ( SELECT count( student.sid ) FROM student ));
# 这里查询为空, 因为没有一个课程是所有学生都选了的
  • 14.查询每门课程被选修的次数
SELECT
	t1.course_id,
	course.cname,
	t1.count 
FROM
	( SELECT course_id, count( student_id ) AS count FROM score GROUP BY course_id ) AS t1
	INNER JOIN course ON t1.course_id = course.cid;
  • 15.查询之选修了一门课程的学生姓名和学号
SELECT
	sid,
	sname 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	sid IN ( SELECT student_id FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING count( course_id )= 1 );
  • 16.查询所有学生考出的成绩并按从高到低排序(成绩去重)
SELECT DISTINCT
	num 
FROM
	score 
ORDER BY
	num DESC;
  • 17.查询平均成绩大于85的学生姓名和平均成绩
SELECT
	sname,
	t1.avg 
FROM
	student
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT student_id, avg( num ) AS avg FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING avg( num )> 85 ) AS t1 ON sid = t1.student_id;
  • 18.查询生物成绩不及格的学生姓名和对应生物分数
SELECT
	sname,
	t1.num 
FROM
	student
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT student_id, num FROM score WHERE course_id = ( SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname = "生物" ) AND num < 60 ) AS t1 ON sid = t1.student_id;
  • 19.查询在有选修了李平老师课程的学生中,这些课程(李平老师的课程,不是所有课程)平均成绩最高的学生姓名
SELECT
	sname 
FROM
	student
	INNER JOIN (
	SELECT
		t3.student_id,
		max( _avg ) AS max_avg 
	FROM
		(
		SELECT
			t2.student_id,
			avg( num ) AS _avg 
		FROM
			(
			SELECT
				student_id,
				num 
			FROM
				score
				INNER JOIN (
				SELECT
					cid 
				FROM
					course 
				WHERE
				teacher_id IN ( SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname = "李平老师" )) AS t1 ON t1.cid = score.course_id 
			) AS t2 
		GROUP BY
			t2.student_id 
		) AS t3 
HAVING
	max( _avg )) AS t4 ON t4.student_id = student.sid;
  • 20.查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名学生姓名
SELECT
	sname,
	t5.* 
FROM
	student
	INNER JOIN (
	SELECT
		score.student_id,
		t4.course_id,
		t4.first_num,
		t4.second_num 
	FROM
		score
		INNER JOIN (
		SELECT
			t3.course_id,
			t3.first_num,
			t2.second_num 
		FROM
			( SELECT course_id, max( num ) AS first_num FROM score GROUP BY course_id ) AS t3
			INNER JOIN (
			SELECT
				score.course_id,
				max( num ) AS second_num 
			FROM
				score
				INNER JOIN ( SELECT course_id, max( num ) AS first_num FROM score GROUP BY course_id ) AS t1 ON score.course_id = t1.course_id 
			WHERE
				score.num < t1.first_num 
			GROUP BY
				course_id 
			) AS t2 ON t3.course_id = t2.course_id 
		) AS t4 ON score.course_id = t4.course_id 
	WHERE
		score.num >= t4.second_num 
		AND score.num <= t4.first_num 
	ORDER BY
	course_id 
	) AS t5 ON sid = t5.student_id;
  • 21.查询没学过“李平”老师课程的学生姓名以及选修的课程名称
SELECT
	t2.sname,
	course.cname 
FROM
	course
	INNER JOIN (
	SELECT
		t1.sid,
		t1.sname,
		course_id 
	FROM
		score
		INNER JOIN (
		SELECT
			sid,
			sname 
		FROM
			student 
		WHERE
			student.sid NOT IN (
			SELECT DISTINCT
				student_id 
			FROM
				score 
			WHERE
				course_id IN (
				SELECT
					cid 
				FROM
					course 
				WHERE
				teacher_id IN ( SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname = "李平老师" )))) AS t1 ON score.student_id = t1.sid 
	) AS t2 ON t2.course_id = course.cid;

—end—

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