Python3 常见的内置异常

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-15 17:31:24 发布

songhao8080

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-15 17:31:24 发布

阅读量221

点赞数

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/songhao8080/article/details/103670250

版权

你在编写Python代码时可能已经遇到过一些。Python 中（至少）有两种错误：语法错误和异常（ syntax errors 和 exceptions ）。

语法错误SyntaxError

Python

In [3]: print "hell" File "<ipython-input-3-eac92f10c9db>", line 1 print "hell" ^ SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'

In [ 3 ] : print "hell"

File "<ipython-input-3-eac92f10c9db>" , line 1

print "hell"

SyntaxError : Missing parentheses in call to 'print'

异常exceptions

即使一条语句或表达式在语法上是正确的，当试图执行它时也可能会引发错误。运行期检测到的错误称为异常，并且程序不会无条件的崩溃：很快，你将学到如何在 Python 程序中处理它们。然而，大多数异常都不会被程序处理，像这里展示的一样最终会产生一个错误信息:

Python

>>> 10 * (1/0) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero >>> 4 + spam*3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? NameError: name 'spam' is not defined >>> '2' + 2 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly

>>> 10 * ( 1 / 0 )

Traceback ( most recent call last ) :

File "<stdin>" , line 1 , in ?

ZeroDivisionError : int division or modulo by zero

>>> 4 + spam * 3

Traceback ( most recent call last ) :

File "<stdin>" , line 1 , in ?

NameError : name 'spam' is not defined

>>> '2' + 2

Traceback ( most recent call last ) :

File "<stdin>" , line 1 , in ?

TypeError : Can 't convert ' int' object to str implicitly

捕获所有异常

Python

while True: try: x = int(input("Please enter a number: ")) break except Exception as e: print('start e'.center(50, '*')) print(e) print('end e'.center(50, '*')) print("Oops! That was no valid number. Try again ")

while True :

try :

x = int ( input ( "Please enter a number: " ) )

break

except Exception as e :

print ( 'start e' . center ( 50 , '*' ) )

print ( e )

print ( 'end e' . center ( 50 , '*' ) )

print ( "Oops! That was no valid number. Try again " )

输出结果是:

➜ d9 python3 c1.py
Please enter a number: 99l
*********************start e**********************
invalid literal for int() with base 10: '99l'
**********************end e***********************
Oops! That was no valid number. Try again
Please enter a number: 99

异常基类有那些呢?

BaseException

所有异常的根类,所有内置异常都是派生该类

Exception

所有与程序有关的异常基类,这些异常包括除了SystemExit, GenratorExit 和 KeyboardInterrupt之外的其他异常

LookupErro

索引和键错误的基类, 包括IndexErro 和 KeyErro

Python

In [2]: a = [1,2,3] In [3]: a[3] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- IndexError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-3-94e7916e7615> in <module>() ----> 1 a[3] IndexError: list index out of range