泛型常用方式

泛型：

        提高程序的安全性和复用性

1. 泛型基本用法

function add<T>(arg1:T,arg2:T):T{
    return arg1 + arg2;
}
add<string>('1','5');
add<number>(2,4)

2. 泛型接口用法

方式一：

function add<T>(arg1:T,arg2:T):T{
    return arg1 + arg2;
}
let addFunc:<T>(arg1:T,arg2:T) => T;
addFunc = add

方式二：

function add<T>(arg1:T,arg2:T):T{
    return arg1 + arg2;
}
interface GenAdder {<T>(arg1:T,arg2:T) : T};
let addFunc: GenAdder
addFunc = add;
addFunc<number>(3,4)

方式三：

function add<T>(arg1:T,arg2:T):T{
    return arg1 + arg2;
}
interface GenAdder <T> {(arg1:T,arg2:T) : T};
let addFunc: GenAdder<number>
addFunc = add;
addFunc(3,4)

3. 泛型类用法

class Adder<T>{
    add:(arg1:T,arg2:T) => T
}
function add(arg1,arg2){
    return arg1 + arg2;
}
const adder = new Adder<number>();
adder.add = add
adder.add(1,2)

const stringAdder = new Adder<string>();
stringAdder.add = add;
stringAdder.add('2','4')

 

4. 泛型约束

例子1：

interface ILength{
    length: number
}
function getLength<T extends ILength>(arg:T):T{
    console.log(arg.length)
    return arg;
}

getLength<boolean>(false);  //报错
getLength<string>('haha'); //正确

例子2：

function getProperty<T,K extends keyof T>(obj:T,key:K){
    return obj[key];
}
//keyof 
const persion = {name:'p',age:15};
let keys: keyof typeof persion; // keys: "name" | "age"
getProperty(persion,'age')

---