1 javascript严格模式(use strict)
javascript严格模式(strict mode)即在严格的条件下运行。
“use strict”指令在javascript 1.8.5(ECMAScript5)中新增。它不是一个语句,是一个字面量表达式,在javascript旧版中忽略。
为什么使用严格模式?
消除javascript语法的一些不合理、不严谨之处,减少一些怪异行为
- 消除代码运行的不安全之处,保证代码运行的安全
- 提高编译器效率,增加运行速度
- 为未来新版本的javascript做好铺垫
2 严格模式的限制
- 不允许使用未声明的变量
"use strict"
x = 3.15 //Uncaught ReferenceError: x is not defined
2. 不允许删除变量或者对象
"use strict";
var x = 3.14;
delete x; // Uncaught SyntaxError: Delete of an unqualified identifier in strict mode.
3. 不允许删除函数
"use strict";
function x(p1, p2) {};
delete x; //Uncaught SyntaxError: Delete of an unqualified identifier in strict mode.
4. 不允许参数变量名重名
"use strict";
function x(p1,p1){}
//Uncaught SyntaxError: Duplicate parameter name not allowed in this context
5. 不允许使用八进制
"use strict";
var x = 010; // Uncaught SyntaxError: Octal literals are not allowed in strict mode.
6. 不允许使用转义字符
"use strict";
var x = \010; //Uncaught SyntaxError: Invalid or unexpected token
7. 不允许对只读属性赋值
"use strict";
var obj = {};
Object.defineProperty(obj, "x", {value:0, writable:false});
obj.x = 3.14; // Uncaught TypeError: Cannot assign to read only property 'x' of object '#<Object>'
8. 不允许对一个使用getter方法读取的属性进行赋值
"use strict";
var obj = {get x() {return 0} };
obj.x = 3.14; // Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set property x of #<Object> which has only a getter
9. 不允许删除一个不允许删除的属性:
"use strict";
delete Object.prototype;
//Uncaught TypeError: Cannot delete property 'prototype' of function Object() { [native code] }
10. 变量名不能使用eval字符串
"use strict";
var eval = 3.14;
//Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected eval or arguments in strict mode
11. 变量名不能使用"arguments" 字符串:
"use strict";
var arguments = 3.14; // Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected eval or arguments in strict mode
12. 不能使用with语句
"use strict";
with (Math){x = 2};
//Uncaught SyntaxError: Strict mode code may not include a with statement
13. 由于一些安全原因,在作用域 eval() 创建的变量不能被调用
"use strict";
eval ("var x = 2");
alert (x); //Uncaught ReferenceError: x is not defined
14. 禁止this关键字指向全局对象。
function f(){
"use strict";
this.a = 1; //Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set property 'a' of undefined
};
f();
3. 保留关键字
为了向javascript的新版本过度,严格模式新增了一些保留关键字
implements interface let package private ptotected public static yield