MySQL存储引擎-应用

MySQL服务器采用了模块化风格，各部分之间保持相对独立，尤其体现在存储架构上。存储引擎负责 管理数据存储，以及MySQL的索引管理。通过定义的API，MySQL服务器能够与存储引擎进行通信。目前使用最多的是MyISAM和InnoDB。 InnoDB被Oracle收购后，MySQL自行开发的新存储引擎Falcon将在MySQL6.0版本引进。

MyISAM引擎是一种非事务性的引擎，提供高速存储和检索，以及全文搜索能力，适合数据仓库等查询频繁的应用。MyISAM中，一个table实际保存为三个文件，.frm存储表定义，.MYD存储数据,.MYI存储索引。

InnoDB 则是一种支持事务的引擎。所以的数据存储在一个或者多个数据文件中，支持类似于Oracle的锁机制。一般在OLTP应用中使用较广泛。如果没有指定 InnoDB配置选项，MySQL将在MySQL数据目录下创建一个名为ibdata1的自动扩展数据文件，以及两个名为ib_logfile0和 ib_logfile1的日志文件。

创建table时可以通过engine关键字指定使用的存储引擎，如果省略则使用系统默认的存储引擎：

CREATE TABLE t (i INT) ENGINE = MYISAM;

 

查看系统中支持的存储引擎类型：

mysql> show engines;
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Engine     | Support | Comment                                                        |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| MyISAM     | YES     | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance         |
| MEMORY     | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      |
| InnoDB     | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     |
| BerkeleyDB | NO      | Supports transactions and page-level locking                   |
| BLACKHOLE  | NO      | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) |
| EXAMPLE    | NO      | Example storage engine                                         |
| ARCHIVE    | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         |
| CSV        | NO      | CSV storage engine                                             |
| ndbcluster | NO      | Clustered, fault-tolerant, memory-based tables                 |
| FEDERATED  | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          |
| ISAM       | NO      | Obsolete storage engine                                        |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

标准安装程序中只提供部分引擎的支持，如果需要使用其他的存储引擎，需要使用源代码加不同的参数重新编译。其中DEFAULT表明系统的默认存储引擎，可以通过修改配置参数来变更：

default-storage-engine=MyISAM

查看某个存储引擎的具体信息

mysql> show engine InnoDB status/G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Status:
=====================================
071201 14:34:13 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
=====================================
Per second averages calculated from the last 6 seconds
----------
SEMAPHORES
----------
OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 10, signal count 10
Mutex spin waits 0, rounds 100, OS waits 3
RW-shared spins 12, OS waits 6; RW-excl spins 1, OS waits 1
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 0 59141
Purge done for trx's n:o < 0 58137 undo n:o < 0 0
History list length 3
Total number of lock structs in row lock hash table 0
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, OS thread id 3100
MySQL thread id 3, query id 32 localhost 127.0.0.1 root
show engine InnoDB status
--------
FILE I/O
--------
I/O thread 0 state: wait Windows aio (insert buffer thread)
I/O thread 1 state: wait Windows aio (log thread)
I/O thread 2 state: wait Windows aio (read thread)
I/O thread 3 state: wait Windows aio (write thread)
Pending normal aio reads: 0, aio writes: 0,
 ibuf aio reads: 0, log i/o's: 0, sync i/o's: 0
Pending flushes (fsync) log: 0; buffer pool: 0
40 OS file reads, 35 OS file writes, 24 OS fsyncs
0.00 reads/s, 0 avg bytes/read, 0.00 writes/s, 0.00 fsyncs/s
-------------------------------------
INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX
-------------------------------------
Ibuf: size 1, free list len 0, seg size 2,
0 inserts, 0 merged recs, 0 merges
Hash table size 34679, used cells 0, node heap has 1 buffer(s)
0.00 hash searches/s, 0.00 non-hash searches/s
---
LOG
---
Log sequence number 0 8755515
Log flushed up to   0 8755515
Last checkpoint at  0 8755515
0 pending log writes, 0 pending chkp writes
18 log i/o's done, 0.00 log i/o's/second
----------------------
BUFFER POOL AND MEMORY
----------------------
Total memory allocated 15529216; in additional pool allocated 1401728
Buffer pool size   512
Free buffers       480
Database pages     31
Modified db pages  0
Pending reads 0
Pending writes: LRU 0, flush list 0, single page 0
Pages read 30, created 1, written 18
0.00 reads/s, 0.00 creates/s, 0.00 writes/s
No buffer pool page gets since the last printout
--------------
ROW OPERATIONS
--------------
0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue
1 read views open inside InnoDB
Main thread id 508, state: waiting for server activity
Number of rows inserted 2, updated 0, deleted 0, read 11
0.00 inserts/s, 0.00 updates/s, 0.00 deletes/s, 0.00 reads/s
----------------------------
END OF INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
============================

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified