树结构
public class Node {
// 标识符
private int id;
// 节点名称
private String name;
// 层次
private int level;
// 是否叶子节点
private boolean leaf;
// 父节点 * --- 1
private Node parent;
// 子节点 1 --- *
private Set children;
}
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Node" table="t_node">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<property name="level"/>
<property name="leaf"/>
<many-to-one name="parent" column="pid"/>
<set name="children" lazy="extra" inverse="true">
<key column="pid"/>
<one-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Node"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
HQL
hibernate查询语言hql
在hql中关键字不区分大小写,但是属性和类名区分大小写
1、简单属性查询【重要】
* 单一属性查询,返回结果集属性列表,元素类型和实体类中相应的属性类型一致
* 多个属性查询,返回的集合元素是对象数组,数组元素的类型和对应的属性在实体类中的类型一致
数组的长度取决与select中属性的个数
* 如果认为返回数组不够对象化,可以采用hql动态实例化Student对象
参见:SimplePropertyQueryTest.java
2、实体对象查询【重要】
* N + 1问题,在默认情况下,使用query.iterate查询,有可以能出现N+1问题
所谓的N+1是在查询的时候发出了N+1条sql语句
1: 首先发出一条查询对象id列表的sql
N: 根据id列表到缓存中查询,如果缓存中不存在与之匹配的数据,那么会根据id发出相应的sql语句
* list和iterate的区别?
* list每次都会发出sql语句,list会向缓存中放入数据,而不利用缓存中的数据
* iterate:在默认情况下iterate利用缓存数据,但如果缓存中不存在数据有可以能出现N+1问题
参见:SimpleObjectQueryTest1.java/SimpleObjectQueryTest2.java
3、条件查询【重要】
* 可以采用拼字符串的方式传递参数
* 可以采用 ?来传递参数(索引从0开始)
* 可以采用 :参数名 来传递参数
* 如果传递多个参数,可以采用setParamterList方法
* 在hql中可以使用数据库的函数,如:date_format
参见:SimpleConditionQueryTest.java
4、hibernate也支持直接使用sql进行查询
参见:SqlQueryTest.java
5、外置命名查询
* 在映射文件中采用<query>标签来定义hql
* 在程序中采用session.getNamedQuery()方法得到hql查询串
参见:Student.hbm.xml、NameQueryTest.java
6、查询过滤器
* 在映射文件中定义过滤器参数
* 在类的映射中使用这些参数
* 在程序中启用过滤器
参见:Student.hbm.xml、FilterQueryTest.java
7、分页查询【重要】
* setFirstResult(),从0开始
* setMaxResults,每页显示多少条数据
参见:PageQueryTest.java
8、对象导航查询,在hql中采用 . 进行导航【重要】
参见:ObjectNavQueryTest.java
9、连接查询【重要】
* 内连
* 外连接(左连接/右连接)
参见:JoinQueryTest.java
10、统计查询【重要】
参见:StatQueryTest.java
11、DML风格的操作(尽量少用,因为和缓存不同步)
参见:DMLQueryTest.java
1、简单属性查询【重要】
/**
* 单一属性查询
*/
public void testQuery1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//返回结果集属性列表,元素类型和实体类中相应的属性类型一致
List students = session.createQuery("select name from Student").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 多个属性查询
*/
public void testQuery2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//查询多个属性,其集合元素是对象数组
//数组元素的类型和对应的属性在实体类中的类型一致
//数组的长度取决与select中属性的个数
List students = session.createQuery("select id, name from Student").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 返回Student实体对象, 注意 要写相应的构造函数!!
*/
public void testQuery3() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//如果认为返回数组不够对象化,可以采用hql动态实例化Student对象
//此时list中为Student对象集合
List students = session.createQuery("select new Student(id, name) from Student").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getId() + "," + student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 使用别名
*/
public void testQuery4() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//可以使用别名
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 使用别名
*/
public void testQuery5() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//可以使用as命名别名
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student as s").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
2、实体对象查询【重要】
/**
* 实体对象查询
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class SimpleObjectQueryTest1 extends TestCase {
public void testQuery1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//返回Student对象的集合
//可以忽略select
List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//返回Student对象的集合
//可以忽略select,表可以使用别名
List students = session.createQuery("from Student s").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery3() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//返回Student对象的集合
//可以忽略select,表可以使用as命名别名
List students = session.createQuery("from Student as s").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery4() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//返回Student对象的集合
//使用select查询实体对象,必须采用别名
List students = session.createQuery("select s from Student as s").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery5() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不支持select * from .....这样的查询语句
List students = session.createQuery("select * from Student").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
3、条件查询【重要】
/**
* 条件查询
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class SimpleConditionQueryTest extends TestCase {
public void testQuery1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//可以拼字符串
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like '%1%'").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// Query query = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like ?");
// query.setParameter(0, "%1%");
// List students = query.list();
//可以使用?方式传递参数
//参数的索引从0开始
//传递的参数值,不用单引号引起来
//注意方法链编程
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like ?")
.setParameter(0, "%1%")
.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery3() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//使用 :参数名称 的方式传递参数值
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like :myname")
.setParameter("myname", "%1%")
.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery4() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//使用 :参数名称 的方式传递参数值
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like :myname and s.id=:myid")
.setParameter("myname", "%1%")
.setParameter("myid", 12)
.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery5() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//支持in,需要使用setParameterList进行参数传递
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.id in(:myids)")
.setParameterList("myids", new Object[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5})
.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery6() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//查询2008年2月创建的学生
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where date_format(s.createTime, '%Y-%m')=?")
.setParameter(0, "2008-02")
.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery7() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
//查询2008-01-10到2008-02-15创建的学生
List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.createTime between ? and ?")
.setParameter(0, sdf.parse("2008-01-10 00:00:00"))
.setParameter(1, sdf.parse("2008-02-15 23:59:59"))
.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
7、分页查询【重要】
* setFirstResult(),从0开始
* setMaxResults,每页显示多少条数据
参见:PageQueryTest.java
/**
* 分页查询
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class PageQueryTest extends TestCase {
public void testQuery1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
List students = session.createQuery("from Student")
.setFirstResult(1)
.setMaxResults(2)
.list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
8、对象导航查询,在hql中采用 . 进行导航【重要】
参见:ObjectNavQueryTest.java
/**
* 对象导航查询
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class ObjectNavQueryTest extends TestCase {
public void testQuery1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
List students = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s where s.classes.name like '%1%'").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
String name = (String)iter.next();
System.out.println(name);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
9、连接查询【重要】
* 内连
* 外连接(左连接/右连接)
参见:JoinQueryTest.java
/**
* 连接查询
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class JoinQueryTest extends TestCase {
public void testQuery1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//List students = session.createQuery("select c.name, s.name from Student s join s.classes c").list();
List students = session.createQuery("select c.name, s.name from Student s inner join s.classes c").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
List students = session.createQuery("select c.name, s.name from Classes c left join c.students s").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery3() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
List students = session.createQuery("select c.name, s.name from Classes c right join c.students s").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
10、统计查询【重要】
参见:StatQueryTest.java
/**
* 统计查询
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class StatQueryTest extends TestCase {
public void testQuery1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// List students =session.createQuery("select count(*) from Student").list();
// Long count = (Long)students.get(0);
// System.out.println(count);
Long count = (Long)session.createQuery("select count(*) from Student").uniqueResult();
System.out.println(count);
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testQuery2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
List students =session.createQuery("select c.name, count(s) from Student s join s.classes c " +
"group by c.name order by c.name").list();
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
System.out.println(obj[0] + ", " + obj[1]);
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}