一般在用Servlet处理表单元素时,表单元素都是一些简单的文本,Servlet很容易用Request.getParameter()就可以处理。但是当表单不止包含一些简单的文本,比如有上传文件域时,Servlet直接从HttpServletRequest对象中解析出复合表单的每一个子部分仍然是一项非常复杂的工作.
为了简化对“multipart/form-data”类型数据的处理过程,可以采用相应的组件进行处理,这样可以节省很大的编码、支持重用,效率也挺高。
对于Java的组件也有一些:FileUpload、SmartUpload和Cos等等,本文就以Apache的FileUpload讲解一下。
要使用FileUpload,首先应下载相应组件:
1.fileupload软件包:http://commons.apache.org/fileupload/
2.io软件包:http://commons.apache.org/io/
下载后解压zip 包,将commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar和commons-io-1.4.jar 复制到tomcat 的webapp/WEB-INF/lib下。
一、表单页面(要指定表单的enctype="multipart/form-data")——Upload.html
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Upload</title>
- </head>
- <body >
- <form name="uploadForm" method="POST"
- enctype="MULTIPART/FORM-DATA"
- action="upload">
- <table>
- <tr>
- <td><div align="right">User Name:</div></td>
- <td><input type="text" name="username" size="30"/> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><div align="right">Upload File1:</div></td>
- <td><input type="file" name="file1" size="30"/> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><div align="right">Upload File2:</div></td>
- <td><input type="file" name="file2" size="30"/> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><input type="submit" name="submit" value="upload"></td>
- <td><input type="reset" name="reset" value="reset"></td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
二、处理表单的Servlet——UploadServlet
- package mypack;
- import javax.servlet.*;
- import javax.servlet.http.*;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.util.*;
- import org.apache.commons.fileupload.*;
- import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.*;
- import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.*;
- public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private String filePath; //存放上传文件的目录
- private String tempFilePath; //存放临时文件的目录
- public void init(ServletConfig config)throws ServletException {
- super.init(config);
- filePath=config.getInitParameter("filePath");
- tempFilePath=config.getInitParameter("tempFilePath");
- filePath=getServletContext().getRealPath(filePath);
- tempFilePath=getServletContext().getRealPath(tempFilePath);
- }
- public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- response.setContentType("text/plain");
- //向客户端发送响应正文
- PrintWriter outNet=response.getWriter();
- try{
- //创建一个基于硬盘的FileItem工厂
- DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
- //设置向硬盘写数据时所用的缓冲区的大小,此处为4K
- factory.setSizeThreshold(4*1024);
- //设置临时目录
- factory.setRepository(new File(tempFilePath));
- //创建一个文件上传处理器
- ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
- //设置允许上传的文件的最大尺寸,此处为4M
- upload.setSizeMax(4*1024*1024);
- List /* FileItem */ items = upload.parseRequest(request);
- Iterator iter = items.iterator();
- while (iter.hasNext()) {
- FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next();
- if(item.isFormField()) {
- processFormField(item,outNet); //处理普通的表单域
- }else{
- processUploadedFile(item,outNet); //处理上传文件
- }
- }
- outNet.close();
- }catch(Exception e){
- throw new ServletException(e);
- }
- }
- private void processFormField(FileItem item,PrintWriter outNet){
- String name = item.getFieldName();
- String value = item.getString();
- outNet.println(name+":"+value+"/r/n");
- }
- private void processUploadedFile(FileItem item,PrintWriter outNet)throws Exception{
- String filename=item.getName();
- int index=filename.lastIndexOf("//");
- filename=filename.substring(index+1,filename.length());
- long fileSize=item.getSize();
- if(filename.equals("") && fileSize==0)return;
- File uploadedFile = new File(filePath+"/"+filename);
- item.write(uploadedFile);
- outNet.println(filename+" is saved.");
- outNet.println("The size of " +filename+" is "+fileSize+"/r/n");
- }
- }
该Servlet在Web.xml中其配置为:
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>upload</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>mypack.UploadServlet</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>filePath</param-name>
- <param-value>store</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>tempFilePath</param-name>
- <param-value>temp</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>upload</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/upload</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
到此已经完成一个简单的上传文件功能了——访问表单页面,选择文件后点击上传文件即可。如果想要在上传文件到服务器的同时,又要将文件保存到数据库中,可以在获取到文件名后,将文件名保存到数据库里,这样以后可以根据文件名把用户的文件选择出来!