docker环境搭建

docker环境搭建

    Docker 包括三个基本概念
    1.镜像（Image）
    2.容器（Container）
    3.仓库（Repository）

    docker的特性：
    1.文件系统隔离：每个进程容器运行在完全独立的根文件系统里。
    2.资源隔离：可以使用cgroup为每个进程容器分配不同的系统资源，例如CPU和内存。
    3.网络隔离：每个进程容器运行在自己的网络命名空间里，拥有自己的虚拟接口和IP地址。
    4.写时复制：采用写时复制方式创建根文件系统，这让部署变得极其快捷，并且节省内存和硬盘空间。
    5.日志记录：Docker将会收集和记录每个进程容器的标准流（stdout/stderr/stdin），用于实时检索或批量检索。
    6.变更管理：容器文件系统的变更可以提交到新的映像中，并可重复使用以创建更多的容器。无需使用模板或手动配置。
    7.交互式Shell：Docker可以分配一个虚拟终端并关联到任何容器的标准输入上，例如运行一个一次性交互shell。
    docker安装与启动

yum install -y epel-release
yum install docker   //安装的版本比较老。

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使用该方法在线安装最新版本的docker

[root@soft Desktop]#  curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
+ sh -c 'sleep 3; yum -y -q install docker-engine'
docker-engine-1.12.1-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 04:11 No Presto metadata available for docker-experimental-repo If you would like to use Docker as a non-root user, you should now consider adding your user to the "docker" group with something like: sudo usermod -aG docker your-user Remember that you will have to log out and back in for this to take effect!

安装完docker后可用以下命令查看相关的docker信息：

[root@localhost /]# docker version
Client:
 Version:         1.10.3
 API version:     1.22 Package version: docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 Go version: go1.6.3 Git commit: d381c64-unsupported Built: Thu Aug 4 13:21:17 2016 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Server: Version: 1.10.3 API version: 1.22 Package version: docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 Go version: go1.6.3 Git commit: d381c64-unsupported Built: Thu Aug 4 13:21:17 2016 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 [root@localhost /]# docker info //本地已有一个docker镜像 Containers: 2 Running: 1 Paused: 0 Stopped: 1 Images: 1 Server Version: 1.10.3 Storage Driver: devicemapper Pool Name: docker-253:0-1792087-pool Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB Base Device Size: 10.74 GB Backing Filesystem: xfs Data file: /dev/loop0 Metadata file: /dev/loop1 Data Space Used: 1.083 GB Data Space Total: 107.4 GB Data Space Available: 25.5 GB Metadata Space Used: 1.278 MB Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB Metadata Space Available: 2.146 GB Udev Sync Supported: true Deferred Removal Enabled: false Deferred Deletion Enabled: false Deferred Deleted Device Count: 0 Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data WARNING: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Either use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `--storage-opt dm.no_warn_on_loop_devices=true` to suppress this warning. Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata Library Version: 1.02.107-RHEL7 (2016-06-09) Execution Driver: native-0.2 Logging Driver: journald Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge null host Kernel Version: 3.10.0-327.28.2.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 Number of Docker Hooks: 2 CPUs: 16 Total Memory: 15.66 GiB Name: localhost.localdomain ID: TWV7:7OXE:GGAN:MYFO:ERWM:FC2G:KCWJ:LSU6:TA4Y:Q6J6:ZK3I:GDB4 WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled Registries: docker.io (secure)

docker镜像下载
搜索可用的centos的docker镜像

[root@localhost /]#  docker search centos//搜索centos镜像
INDEX       NAME                                    DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/centos                        The official build of CentOS.                   2531      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 82 [OK] docker.io docker.io/jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.8 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.2.1511 x8... 27 [OK] docker.io docker.io/nimmis/java-centos This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif... 13 [OK] docker.io docker.io/million12/centos-supervisor Base CentOS-7 with supervisord launcher, h... 12 [OK] docker.io docker.io/gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS7 + Glus... 11 [OK] docker.io docker.io/torusware/speedus-centos Always updated official CentOS docker imag... 8 [OK] docker.io docker.io/nickistre/centos-lamp LAMP on centos setup 4 [OK] docker.io docker.io/nathonfowlie/centos-jre Latest CentOS image with the JRE pre-insta... 3 [OK] docker.io docker.io/consol/sakuli-centos-xfce Sakuli end-2-end testing and monitoring co... 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/harisekhon/centos-java Java on CentOS (OpenJDK, tags jre/jdk7-8) 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/timhughes/centos Centos with systemd installed and running 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/aguamala/centos CentOS base image 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/dmglab/centos CentOS with some extras - This is for the ... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/grayzone/centos auto build for centos. 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/grossws/centos CentOS 6 and 7 base images with gosu and l... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/harisekhon/centos-scala Scala + CentOS (OpenJDK tags 2.10-jre7 - 2... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/januswel/centos yum update-ed CentOS image 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/jsmigel/centos-epel Docker base image of CentOS w/ EPEL installed 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/kz8s/centos Official CentOS plus epel-release 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/repositoryjp/centos Docker Image for CentOS. 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/smartentry/centos CentOS with smartentry 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ustclug/centos USTC centos 0 [OK]

构建docker镜像：

docker pull centos:laster

慢慢的等待镜像文件的下载。下载完可以通过如下命令查看镜像

# docker images  //查看镜像信息
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/centos    7.2.1511            686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB

 

通过docker run来启动镜像，同时会创建一个容器，看下docker run的启动命令：

[root@localhost /]# docker run --help

Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Run a command in a new container

  -a, --attach=[]                 Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR --add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) --blkio-weight Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000 --blkio-weight-device=[] Block IO weight (relative device weight) --cpu-shares CPU shares (relative weight) --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities --cgroup-parent Optional parent cgroup for the container --cidfile Write the container ID to the file --cpu-period Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period --cpu-quota Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota --cpuset-cpus CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) --cpuset-mems MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) -d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID --detach-keys Override the key sequence for detaching a container --device=[] Add a host device to the container --device-read-bps=[] Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device --device-read-iops=[] Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device --device-write-bps=[] Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device --device-write-iops=[] Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device --disable-content-trust=true Skip image verification --dns=[] Set custom DNS servers --dns-opt=[] Set DNS options --dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains -e, --env=[] Set environment variables --entrypoint Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image --env-file=[] Read in a file of environment variables --expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports --group-add=[] Add additional groups to join -h, --hostname Container host name --help Print usage -i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached --ip Container IPv4 address (e.g. 172.30.100.104) --ip6 Container IPv6 address (e.g. 2001:db8::33) --ipc IPC namespace to use --isolation Container isolation level --kernel-memory Kernel memory limit -l, --label=[] Set meta data on a container --label-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of labels --link=[] Add link to another container --log-driver Logging driver for container --log-opt=[] Log driver options -m, --memory Memory limit --mac-address Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33) --memory-reservation Memory soft limit --memory-swap Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap --memory-swappiness=-1 Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) --name Assign a name to the container --net=default Connect a container to a network --net-alias=[] Add network-scoped alias for the container --oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer --oom-score-adj Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000) -P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port(s) to the host --pid PID namespace to use --privileged Give extended privileges to this container --read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only --restart=no Restart policy to apply when a container exits --rm Automatically remove the container when it exits --security-opt=[] Security Options --shm-size Size of /dev/shm, default value is 64MB --sig-proxy=true Proxy received signals to the process --stop-signal=SIGTERM Signal to stop a container, SIGTERM by default --sysctl=map[] Sysctl options -t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY --tmpfs=[] Mount a tmpfs directory -u, --user Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>]) --ulimit=[] Ulimit options --uts UTS namespace to use -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume --volume-driver Optional volume driver for the container --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) -w, --workdir Working directory inside the container

启动并创建一个交互式的docker容器：

[root@localhost /]# docker run -ti -d 686672a1d0cc
//-d为后台启动

 

通过docker ps 来查看当前运行的容器，看下docker ps的相关指令：

[root@localhost /]# docker ps --help

Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]

List containers

  -a, --all          Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -f, --filter=[]    Filter output based on conditions provided
  --format Pretty-print containers using a Go template --help Print usage -l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states) -n=-1 Show n last created containers (includes all states) --no-trunc Don't truncate output -q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs -s, --size Display total file sizes [root@localhost /]# docker ps//查看当前正在运行的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 7d95b3df8674 686672a1d0cc "/bin/bash" 5 hours ago Up About an hour admiring_kowalevski [root@localhost /]# docker ps -a//查看所有的容器信息 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 7d95b3df8674 686672a1d0cc "/bin/bash" 5 hours ago Up About an hour admiring_kowalevski 1b4ac575eda0 686672a1d0cc "/bin/bash" 23 hours ago Exited (137) About an hour ago elated_turing

 

通过dockerstart,docker stop来启动和停止容器：

[root@localhost /]# docker start --help

Usage:  docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Start one or more stopped containers

  -a, --attach         Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals --detach-keys Override the key sequence for detaching a container --help Print usage -i, --interactive Attach container's STDIN [root@localhost /]# docker stop --help Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Stop a running container. Sending SIGTERM and then SIGKILL after a grace period --help Print usage -t, --time=10 Seconds to wait for stop before killing it [root@localhost /]# docker restart --help Usage: docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Restart a container --help Print usage -t, --time=10 Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container

使用docker exec 可以进入到已经启动的容器中，低版本的docker可能不行。

[root@localhost Desktop]# docker exec -ti 7d95b3df8674 /bin/bash
[root@7d95b3df8674 /]# 

   容器的工作是建立在镜像的基础之上的，如果需要删除镜像的话，需要先删除使用该镜像的容器，然后才能删除镜像，否则删除镜像的时候，会有如下的类似的错误信息提示：Failed to remove image (e7b): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete e7b2de517efa (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container 4fbc3cd00987，可以通过docker rm删除容器，docker rmi 删除镜像。

[root@localhost /]# docker rm --help

Usage:  docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Remove one or more containers

  -f, --force        Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
  --help             Print usage -l, --link Remove the specified link -v, --volumes Remove the volumes associated with the container [root@localhost /]# docker rmi --help Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images -f, --force Force removal of the image --help Print usage --no-prune Do not delete untagged parents

   删除停止的容器
   docker rm $(docker ps --all -q -f status=exited)
   删除没有使用的镜像
   docker rmi -f $(docker images | grep "<none>" | awk "{print \$3}")
   批量删除容器
   docker ps -a | awk '{print $1}' | xargs docker rm
   批量删除镜像
   docker images | awk '{print $3}' | xargs docker rmi
   持久化容器与镜像
   1.通过容器生成新的镜像
   运行中的镜像称为容器。你可以修改容器（比如删除一个文件），但这些修改不会影响到镜像。不过，你使用docker commit <container-id> <image-name>命令可以把一个正在运行的容器变成一个新的镜像。
   docker commit <container> [repo:tag] 将一个container固化为一个新的image，后面的repo:tag可选。
   2.持久化容器
   docker export用于持久化容器。

[root@localhost /]# docker export --help

Usage:  docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive --help Print usage -o, --output Write to a file, instead of STDOUT [root@localhost /]# docker export <CONTAINER ID> container.tar 

   3.持久化镜像
   docker save用于持久化镜像：

[root@localhost /]# docker save --help

Usage:  docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Save an image(s) to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) --help Print usage -o, --output Write to a file, instead of STDOUT [root@localhost /]# docker save <CONTAINER ID> image.tar 

   4.导入持久化镜像，容器：
   使用docker import，docker load导入镜像容器：

[root@localhost /]#  docker import --help

Usage:  docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image

  -c, --change=[]    Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
  --help             Print usage -m, --message Set commit message for imported image [root@localhost /]# docker load --help Usage: docker load [OPTIONS] Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN --help Print usage -i, --input Read from a tar archive file, instead of STDIN

   5.对镜像打tag

[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/centos 7.2.1511 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB [root@localhost /]# docker tag 686672a1d0cc centos:base [root@localhost /]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos base 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB docker.io/centos 7.2.1511 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB

   6.export-import与save-load的区别
   导出后再导入(export-import)的镜像会丢失所有的历史，而保存后再加载（save-load）的镜像没有丢失历史和层(layer)。这意味着使用导出后再导入的方式，你将无法回滚到之前的层(layer)，同时，使用保存后再加载的方式持久化整个镜像，就可以做到层回滚。（可以执行docker tag <LAYER ID> <IMAGE NAME>来回滚之前的层）。
   docker logs $CONTAINER_ID #查看docker实例运行日志，确保正常运行
   docker inspect $CONTAINER_ID #docker inspect <image|container> 查看image或container的底层信息
   docker build <path> 寻找path路径下名为的Dockerfile的配置文件，使用此配置生成新的image
   docker build -t repo[:tag] 同上，可以指定repo和可选的tag
   docker build - < <dockerfile> 使用指定的dockerfile配置文件，docker以stdin方式获取内容，使用此配置生成新的image
   docker port <container> <container port> 查看本地哪个端口映射到container的指定端口，其实用docker ps 也可以看到。
   7.docker文件存放目录
   Docker实际上把所有东西都放到/var/lib/docker路径下了。 
   至此一个简单干净的docker环境搭建完毕。

参考：http://www.server110.com/docker/201411/11105.html 
http://blog.csdn.net/fgf00/article/details/51893771 
http://www.cnblogs.com/wangjiyong/p/5416960.html 
https://github.com/docker/docker/releases 
https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/centos/

http://m.blog.csdn.net/article/details?id=52184285