将excel表格数据转为数据库数据
使用的是POI,思路是:将excel的数据全部取出封装在实体类中,然后使用jdbc将数据写入数据库.
将数据库数据转为excel:https://blog.csdn.net/sqlgao22/article/details/100736325
(一)Apache POI 是用Java编写的免费开源的跨平台的 Java API,Apache POI提供API给Java程式对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能。
(二)POI框架的类库:
HSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel格式档案的功能。
XSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel OOXML格式档案的功能。
HWPF - 提供读写Microsoft Word格式档案的功能。
HSLF - 提供读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能。
HDGF - 提供读写Microsoft Visio格式档案的功能。
使用的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>27.0.1-jre</version>
</dependency>
封装的实体类
单元格类
public class XCell {
private int cellIndex;
private String value;
}
excel表行类
public class XRow {
private int rowIndex;
private List<XCell> rowValue;
}
工具类
读取excel的
public class ReadExcel {
/**
* 获取第一行的数据,作为数据库字段的注释
* @param file
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static XRow getFirstRowData(File file) throws Exception {
if (!file.exists()) {
return null;
}
//获取 work
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fis);
//只取第一个sheet
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
//第一行的数据封装
XRow firstRow = new XRow();
//取第一行
Row row = sheet.getRow(sheet.getFirstRowNum());
firstRow.setRowIndex(sheet.getFirstRowNum()+1);
//取出头和尾
short firstCellNum = row.getFirstCellNum();
short lastCellNum = row.getLastCellNum();
List<XCell> cells = new ArrayList<>();
//取出所有的cell
for (int i = firstCellNum; i < lastCellNum; i++) {
Cell cell = row.getCell(i);
//单元格的数据封装
XCell xCell = new XCell();
xCell.setCellIndex(i+1);
//暂时使用string类型测试,可以详细的进行value分类
xCell.setValue(cell.getStringCellValue());
cells.add(xCell);
}
firstRow.setRowValue(cells);
//遍历查看
System.out.println("=====rowIndex===="+firstRow.getRowIndex());
List<XCell> rowValue = firstRow.getRowValue();
for (XCell xCell : rowValue) {
System.out.println(xCell);
}
return firstRow;
}
/**
* 以第一行为宽度获取其余的数据
* @param file
* @param firstRow
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static List<XRow> getOtherData(File file,XRow firstRow) throws Exception {
//所有的行数据
List<XRow> rows = new ArrayList<>();
//获取 work
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fis);
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
int firstRowNum = sheet.getFirstRowNum();
int lastRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();
//第一行的列数
int columnSize = firstRow.getRowValue().size();
int firstCellIndex = firstRow.getRowValue().get(0).getCellIndex();
int lastCellIndex = firstRow.getRowValue().get(columnSize-1).getCellIndex();
//去掉第一行
for (int i = firstRowNum+1; i < lastRowNum+1; i++) {
//遍历所有的行
XRow xRow = new XRow();
xRow.setRowIndex(i+1);
Row row = sheet.getRow(i);
List<XCell> cells = new ArrayList<>();
//以第一行为宽度,遍历所有的cell
for (int j = firstCellIndex-1; j < lastCellIndex; j++) {
Cell cell = row.getCell(j);
XCell xCell = new XCell();
xCell.setCellIndex(j+1);
//暂时使用string类型测试,可以详细的进行value分类
xCell.setValue(cell.getStringCellValue());
cells.add(xCell);
}
xRow.setRowValue(cells);
rows.add(xRow);
}
//遍历查看
for (XRow row : rows) {
int rowIndex = row.getRowIndex();
List<XCell> rowValue = row.getRowValue();
System.out.println("======rowIndex==="+rowIndex);
for (XCell xCell : rowValue) {
System.out.println(xCell);
}
}
return rows;
}
}
jdbc的工具类
public class DBUtil {
private static String driver = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
private static String ip = "127.0.0.1";
private static String port = "3306";
private static String db = "dev";
private static String name = "root";
private static String password = "112233";
private static String tableName = "tableName";
private static Connection getConnection() {
Connection conn = null;
try {
Class.forName(driver);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(generateDBUrl(ip, port, db), name, password);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("can not load jdbc driver" + e);
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("get connection failure" + e);
}
return conn;
}
/**
* 生成一个连接url
* @param ip 地址
* @param port 端口
* @param dbname 数据库名
* @return
*/
private static String generateDBUrl(String ip, String port, String dbname) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("jdbc:mysql://").append(ip);
sb.append(":").append(port);
sb.append("/").append(dbname);
//sb.append("?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&autoreconnect=true&useSSL=false");
sb.append("?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoreconnect=true&useSSL=false&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8");
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 关闭数据库连接
* @param conn
*/
private static void closeConnection(Connection conn) {
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 1.创建数据库表
* @param xRow 表格的列名作为数据库的列名的注释
* @return 返回一个数据库的列名 column_x
*/
public static List<String> createTable(XRow xRow) {
Connection conn = getConnection();
List<XCell> columnList = xRow.getRowValue();
Statement stmt;
List<String> dbColumnList = new ArrayList<>();
try {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("CREATE TABLE ").append(tableName).append("(");
sb.append("id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键' PRIMARY KEY, ");
int index = 0;
for (XCell colimn : columnList) {
index++;
dbColumnList.add("column" + index);
sb.append("column" + index + " ");
sb.append("varchar(200) null ");
if (index < columnList.size()) {
sb.append("COMMENT '" + colimn.getValue() + "', ");
} else {
sb.append("COMMENT '" + colimn.getValue() + "'");
}
}
sb.append(") ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
if (0 == stmt.executeLargeUpdate(sb.toString())) {
System.out.println("成功创建表!");
} else {
System.out.println("创建表失败!");
}
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
closeConnection(conn);
}
//返回的是当前的列.
return dbColumnList;
}
/**
* 2.生成一条插入数据的SQL语句
* @param columnList 数据库的列名,从createTable方法中获取
* @return 返回一个SQL语句
*/
private static String generateInsertSQL(List<String> columnList) {
List<String> columnDataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {
columnDataList.add("?");
}
String columnNameStr = Joiner.on(",").join(columnList);
String columnDataStr = Joiner.on(",").join(columnDataList);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("insert into ");
sb.append(tableName);
sb.append(" (");
sb.append(columnNameStr);
sb.append(") values(");
sb.append(columnDataStr);
sb.append(")");
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 插入一个SQL
*
* @param columnList 列名
* @param row 行数据封装类
* @return
*/
public static int insertRow(List<String> columnList, XRow row) {
String insertSQL = generateInsertSQL(columnList);
int a = 0;
Connection conn = getConnection();
try {
PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(insertSQL);
if (row != null) {
List<XCell> rowValue = row.getRowValue();
for (int i = 0; i < rowValue.size(); i++) {
XCell xCell = rowValue.get(i);
pst.setString(i + 1, xCell.getValue());
}
}
a = pst.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
closeConnection(conn);
}
return a;
}
/**
* 3.批量插入SQL语句
* @param columnList 列名
* @param otherData 批量行数据
* @return
*/
public static int[] insertRowBatch(List<String> columnList, List<XRow> otherData) {
String insertSQL = generateInsertSQL(columnList);
int[] a = null;
Connection conn = getConnection();
try {
PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(insertSQL);
for (XRow rows : otherData) {
List<XCell> rowValue = rows.getRowValue();
for (int i = 0; i < rowValue.size(); i++) {
XCell xCell = rowValue.get(i);
pst.setString(i + 1, xCell.getValue());
}
pst.addBatch();
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
a = pst.executeBatch();
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("插入用时" + (endTime - startTime));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
closeConnection(conn);
}
//返回-2是执行成功
return a;
}
/**
* 4.获取数据库下的所有表名
*/
public static List<String> getDbAllTables() {
/*t_roles t_user tablename tablename1 uf_1122 sys_config*/
List<String> tableNames = new ArrayList<>();
Connection conn = getConnection();
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//获取数据库的元数据
DatabaseMetaData db = conn.getMetaData();
//从元数据中获取到所有的表名
rs = db.getTables(null, null, null, new String[]{"TABLE"});
while (rs.next()) {
tableNames.add(rs.getString(3));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
rs.close();
closeConnection(conn);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return tableNames;
}
}
注释
1.先将excel中的第一行表头读取出来,作为数据库的字段的注释,因为最好不要使用中文的字段,使用column_x作为字段名.实际代表类型是注释中的内容.
2.使用表头数据创建数据库的表,表创建成功后方法返回表的字段.用于数据的插入和更新.
3.批量生成insert SQL将数据写入新创建的表中.
代码需要改进地方
1.读取excel的时候需要根据文件类型判断是xls还是用xlxs类型,这两种类型使用的POI实现类不通.
2.读取表头和读取数据可以合并到一起,看情况.
3.读取单元格的时候,需要判断cell的具体类型,我为了测试,只是使用了string,实际可以进行类型的判断.
测试
表格内容:
测试用例
//获取第一行作为表的注释
XRow firstRowData = ReadExcel.getFirstRowData(new File("d:\\test.xls"));
//获取数据作为表的内容
List<XRow> otherData = ReadExcel.getOtherData(new File("d:\\test.xls"), firstRowData);
//创建数据库表,返回表的字段
List<String> columnList = DBUtil.createTable(firstRowData);
//插入数据
int[] ints = DBUtil.insertRowBatch(columnList, otherData);
效果
只取出了与表头相同宽度的数据.