Django+Nginx+uwsgi+Ubuntu配置

参考官方文档

安装部分:

1.虚拟环境下安装Djang

pip install django

2.安装uwsgi

sudo pip install uwsgi

3.安装Nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx

Nginx常用操作：

开启nginx：sudo serverice nginx start
重启nginx：sudo serverice nginx restart
关闭nginx：sudo serverice nginx stop

准备&测试部分:

1.虚拟环境下创建Django项目

python django-admin startproject mysite

2.测试运行uwsgi

(1)Django项目下manage.py同目录创建测试文件test.py

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    #return [b"Hello World"] # python3
    return ["Hello World"] # python2

(2)进入manage.py同目录下运行uwsgi

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

(3)在浏览器输入127.0.0.1:8000，如果正常显示Hello World则说明the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python三者是通的

配置部分:

1.拷贝文件uwsgi_params到Django项目

cp /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params ~/mysite

2.项目manage.py同目录下创建文件mysite_nginx.conf并写入：

# mysite_nginx.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

3.创建软链接到nginx

sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

4.配置Django项目的setting.py，末尾添加：

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

5.Django项目同步静态文件

python manage.py collectstatic

6.项目manage.py同目录下创建media文件夹，并放入media.png

7.重启Nginx

sudo serverice nginx restart

8.在浏览器输入127.0.0.1:8000/media/media.png，如果正常显示media.png则说明Django项目在nginx上正常运行

9.打通nginx、uWSGI和test.py

uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

10.在浏览器输入127.0.0.1:8000，如果正常显示Hello World则说明the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python三者是通的

11.使用Unix sockets代替端口，更改mysite_nginx.conf：

server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
# server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)

12.连接nginx、uWSGI和test.py运行下面命令，在浏览器输入127.0.0.1:8000，观察是否成功

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py

13.如果出现502错误,则需解决权限问题

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)

14.调通django、nginx和uwsgi

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664

15.在浏览器输入127.0.0.1:8000，如果正常显示Django的”It works”则说明成功

优化部分:

1.项目manage.py同目录下创建uWSGI的初始化文件mysite_uwsgi.ini（简化运行命令）

# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /path/to/your/project
# Django's wsgi file
module          = project.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home            = /path/to/virtualenv

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

2.运行

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini